United States occupation of Veracruz

United States occupation of Veracruz
	Part of the Mexican Revolution
	; John H. Quick raises the American flag over Veracruz
Date	April 21, 1914 (US occupation of the waterfront) – November 23, 1914 (US withdrawal)
Location	Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
Result	American victory Veracruz occupied by the United States; Mexican president Victoriano Huerta resigns; Venustiano Carranza becomes president;
Belligerents
United States; Support:; United Kingdom	Mexico; Support:; Germany; Italy
Commanders and leaders
Frank Fletcher	Gustavo Maass; Juan Esteban Morales
Strength
	7 battleships ; 2 light cruisers ; 1 auxiliary cruiser
Casualties and losses
21 killed ; 74 wounded ; 1 drowned	302–322 killed ; 195–250 wounded

The United States occupation of Veracruz (April 21 to November 23, 1914)^[12] began with the Battle of Veracruz and lasted for seven months. The incident came in the midst of poor diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United States, and was related to the ongoing Mexican Revolution.

The occupation was a response to the Tampico Affair of April 9, 1914, where Mexican forces had detained nine American sailors. The occupation further worsened relations, and led to widespread anti-Americanism in Mexico.

^ The Landing at Veracruz: 1914, by Jack Sweetman, 1968, ch. 6, p. 58
^ "Logbook of HMS Essex". naval-history.net. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
^ "Huerta's Final Message to the Mexican Congress". The Independent. July 27, 1914. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
^ "Periodo histórico 1910-1920". October 6, 2007. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007.
^ "Biography of Venustiano Carranza, Revolutionary President of Mexico". ThoughtCo.
^ "Obituary of US Sailor Frank Nejedly 23 April 1914 "The Milwaukee Sentinel May 3, 1914" .p.4".^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (May 9, 1914). "Middletown transcript. [volume] (Middletown, Del.) 1868-current, May 09, 1914, Image 2" – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
^ Alejandro de Quesada, "The Hunt for Pancho Villa: The Columbus Raid and Pershing’s Punitive Expedition", page 12. Osprey Publishing, March 2012.
^ Gastón García Cantú (1996) Las invasiones norteamericanas en México, p. 276, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México.
^ Alan McPherson (2013) Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Interventions in Latin America, p. 393, ABC-CLIO, USA.
^ Susan Vollmer (2007) Legends, Leaders, Legacies, p. 79, Biography & Autobiography, USA.
^ "United States Occupation of Veracruz | Summary | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved November 28, 2021.

[auto-1] The Landing at Veracruz: 1914, by Jack Sweetman, 1968, ch. 6, p. 58

[HMSEssexLogbook-2] "Logbook of HMS Essex". naval-history.net. Retrieved November 30, 2019.

[3] "Huerta's Final Message to the Mexican Congress". The Independent. July 27, 1914. Retrieved July 24, 2012.

[4] "Periodo histórico 1910-1920". October 6, 2007. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007.

[5] "Biography of Venustiano Carranza, Revolutionary President of Mexico". ThoughtCo.

[6] "Obituary of US Sailor Frank Nejedly 23 April 1914 "The Milwaukee Sentinel May 3, 1914" .p.4".^{[permanent dead link]}

[7] Humanities, National Endowment for the (May 9, 1914). "Middletown transcript. [volume] (Middletown, Del.) 1868-current, May 09, 1914, Image 2" – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.

[8] Alejandro de Quesada, "The Hunt for Pancho Villa: The Columbus Raid and Pershing’s Punitive Expedition", page 12. Osprey Publishing, March 2012.

[9] Gastón García Cantú (1996) Las invasiones norteamericanas en México, p. 276, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México.

[10] Alan McPherson (2013) Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Interventions in Latin America, p. 393, ABC-CLIO, USA.

[11] Susan Vollmer (2007) Legends, Leaders, Legacies, p. 79, Biography & Autobiography, USA.

[12] "United States Occupation of Veracruz | Summary | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved November 28, 2021.

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