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Western Apache language

Western Apache
Ndee biyáti' / Nṉee biyáti'
Native toMexico and United States
RegionSonora, Chihuahua and south-east Arizona
EthnicityWestern Apache
Native speakers
13,445 (65% of pop.) (2013)[1]
Dené–Yeniseian?
Latin
Official status
Official language in
 Mexico
Recognised minority
language in
Regulated byInstituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas
Language codes
ISO 639-3apw
Glottologwest2615
ELPWestern Apache
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The Western Apache language is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken among the 14,000 Western Apaches in Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua and in east-central Arizona. There are approximately 6,000 speakers living on the San Carlos Reservation and 7,000 living on the Fort Apache Reservation.[2] In Mexico, they mainly live in Hermosillo, Sonora, and other native communities in Chihuahua.[3] Goodwin (1938) claims that Western Apache can be divided into five dialect groupings:

  • Cibecue
  • Northern Tonto
  • Southern Tonto
  • San Carlos
  • White Mountain

Other researchers do not find any linguistic evidence for five groups but rather three main varieties with several subgroupings:

Western Apache is most closely related to other Southern Athabaskan languages like Navajo, Chiricahua Apache, Mescalero Apache, Lipan Apache, Plains Apache, and Jicarilla Apache.

In 2011, the San Carlos Apache Tribe's Language Preservation Program in Peridot, Arizona, began its outreach to the "14,000 tribal members residing within the districts of Bylas, Gilson Wash, Peridot and Seven Mile Wash",[4] only 20% of whom still speak the language fluently.[5]

  1. ^ "Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English".
  2. ^ "Western Apache". Endangered Languages. Archived from the original on Oct 7, 2017. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  3. ^ "Conversatorio "Historia de la lengua y cultura n'dee/n'nee/ndé; hacia el registro en el Catalogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales (CLIN)"". Contigo en la distancia. Archived from the original on Oct 22, 2022.
  4. ^ Rambler, Sandra (2011-11-09). "Arizona Silver Belt Tribe focuses on preservation of Apache language". Arizona Silver Belt. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved 2012-12-02.
  5. ^ 'Testimony of Mary Kim Titla:Reclaiming our Image and Identity for the next Seven Generations,' Senate Committee on Indian Affairs,' November 29, 2012.[dead link]

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