Phosphate

Phosphate

Names
IUPAC name Phosphate[1]
Other names Orthophosphate Tetraoxophosphate(V) Tetraoxidophosphate(V)
Identifiers
CAS Number	14265-44-2 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image Interactive image Interactive image Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	3903772
ChEBI	CHEBI:18367 Y
ChemSpider	1032 Y
Gmelin Reference	1997
MeSH	Phosphates
PubChem CID	1061
UNII	NK08V8K8HR Y
InChI InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-3 Y Key: NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K Y
SMILES [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O [O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-] O=P([O-])([O-])[O-] [O-] [P+]([O-])([O-])[O-]
Properties
Chemical formula	PO3− 4
Molar mass	94.9714 g mol−1
Conjugate acid	Monohydrogen phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H₃PO₄.

The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO
₄]³⁻
is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H⁺
. Removal of one proton gives the dihydrogen phosphate ion [H
₂PO
₄]⁻
while removal of two protons gives the hydrogen phosphate ion [HPO
₄]²⁻
. These names are also used for salts of those anions, such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate.

• 
  H
  ₃PO
  ₄
  Phosphoric
  acid
• 
  [H
  ₂PO
  ₄]⁻
  
  Dihydrogen
  phosphate
• 
  [HPO
  ₄]²⁻
  
  Hydrogen
  phosphate
• 
  [PO
  ₄]³⁻
  
  Phosphate or orthophosphate

In organic chemistry, phosphate or orthophosphate is an organophosphate, an ester of orthophosphoric acid of the form PO
₄RR′R″ where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. An example is trimethyl phosphate, (CH
₃)
₃PO
₄. The term also refers to the trivalent functional group OP(O-)
₃ in such esters. Phosphates may contain sulfur in place of one or more oxygen atoms (thiophosphates and organothiophosphates).

Orthophosphates are especially important among the various phosphates because of their key roles in biochemistry, biogeochemistry, and ecology, and their economic importance for agriculture and industry.^[2] The addition and removal of phosphate groups (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation) are key steps in cell metabolism.

Orthophosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates.