Alternative manga

Alternative manga or underground manga is a Western term for Japanese comics that are published outside the more commercial manga market, or which have different art styles, themes, and narratives to those found in the more popular manga magazines. The term was taken from the similar alternative comics. The artistic center of alternative manga production was from the 1960s until the 1990s the manga magazine Garo, which is why in Japan, alternative manga are often called Garo-kei (ガロ系, lit. 'Garo-tique'), even if they were not published in Garo.^[1]^[2]^[3]

^ Bréan, Simon; Caraco, Benjamin; Dahan, Léopold; Kohn, Jessica; Lesage, Sylvain; Martin, Côme (2019), Faire genre (in French), Classiques Garnier, pp. 49 pages, pages 295–343, doi:10.15122/isbn.978-2-406-06963-8.p.0295, ISBN 978-2-406-06963-8, retrieved November 10, 2022
^ Asia-Pacific Perspectives, Japan Plus. Jiji Gaho Sha, Incorporated. 2005. p. 30.
^ Kinsella, Sharon (2000). Adult manga : culture and power in contemporary Japanese society. Honolulu. pp. 188–189. ISBN 0-8248-2317-6. OCLC 42603226.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[1] Bréan, Simon; Caraco, Benjamin; Dahan, Léopold; Kohn, Jessica; Lesage, Sylvain; Martin, Côme (2019), Faire genre (in French), Classiques Garnier, pp. 49 pages, pages 295–343, doi:10.15122/isbn.978-2-406-06963-8.p.0295, ISBN 978-2-406-06963-8, retrieved November 10, 2022

[2] Asia-Pacific Perspectives, Japan Plus. Jiji Gaho Sha, Incorporated. 2005. p. 30.

[:0-3] Kinsella, Sharon (2000). Adult manga : culture and power in contemporary Japanese society. Honolulu. pp. 188–189. ISBN 0-8248-2317-6. OCLC 42603226.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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