Back عملية طوفان الأقصى Arabic ২০২৩ হামাসের নেতৃত্বে ইসরায়েলের উপর হামলা Bengali/Bangla ھێرشی ٢٠٢٣ی حەماس بۆ سەر ئیسرائیل CKB Útok Hamásu na Izrael (říjen 2023) Czech Cyrch Llif al-Aqsa Welsh Terrorangriff der Hamas auf Israel 2023 German Atako de Hamaso kontraŭ Israelo Esperanto Operación Inundación de Al-Aqsa Spanish Israelen kontrako Hamasen erasoa (2023) Basque حمله حماس به اسرائیل Persian

2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel

This article is about the 7 October attack on Israel by Hamas. For the war, see Israel–Hamas war. For other attacks during the war, see List of military engagements during the Israel–Hamas war.

2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
Part of the Israel–Hamas war

Satellite view of widespread fires in Israel around the Gaza Strip on 7 October 2023[6]
Date7–8 October 2023[1]
Location
Gaza Envelope, Southern District, Israel
Belligerents
  Israel[1]
Units involved

Palestinian Joint Operations Room

 Israel Defense Forces

Strength
Al-Qassam Brigades: ~3,000 entered Israel[a] Israeli Defence Forces: 600 soldiers[16]
12 tanks[16]
Casualties and losses
  • 1,609 militants killed[16]
  • ~200 militants captured[b]
  • 1,143 killed[c]
  • 3,400 civilians and soldiers wounded[18]
  • 252 civilians and soldiers taken captive[19]
  • 1 missing[17]

    • On 7 October 2023, Hamas and several other Palestinian militant groups launched coordinated armed incursions from the Gaza Strip into the Gaza envelope of southern Israel, the first invasion of Israeli territory since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups named the attacks Operation Al-Aqsa Flood (or Deluge; Arabic: عملية طوفان الأقصى, romanized: ʿamaliyyat ṭūfān al-ʾAqṣā, usually romanised as "Tufan Al-Aqsa" or "Toofan Al-Aqsa"),[1] while in Israel they are referred to as Black Saturday (Hebrew: השבת השחורה)[20] or the Simchat Torah Massacre (הטבח בשמחת תורה),[21] and internationally as the 7 October attack.[22][23][24] The attacks consequently started the ongoing Israel–Hamas war.

    The attacks began early on 7 October with a barrage of at least 3,000 rockets launched against Israel and vehicle-transported and powered paraglider incursions into Israel.[25][26] Hamas fighters breached the Gaza–Israel barrier, attacking military bases and massacring civilians in 21 communities, including Be'eri, Kfar Aza, Nir Oz, NetivHaasara, Alumim and more. 364 civilians were killed and many more wounded while celebrating at the Nova music festival.[27][28] In total the attackers killed 1,139 people:[f] 695 Israeli civilians (including 36 children), 71 foreign nationals, and 373 members of the security forces.[g][33] About 250 Israeli civilians and soldiers were taken as hostages to the Gaza Strip, including 30 children, with the stated goal to force Israel to exchange them for imprisoned Palestinians, including women and children.[34][35][36][37] Reports of rape and sexual assault also emerged. Hamas officials denied the involvement of their fighters.[38][39][40][41]

    Hamas said its attack was in response to the continued Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories, the blockade of the Gaza Strip, the expansion of illegal Israeli settlements, rising Israeli settler violence, and recent escalations.[42][43][44]

    At least 44 countries denounced the attack as terrorism, while some Arab and Muslim countries blamed Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories as the root cause of the attack.[45][46][47] The day was labeled the bloodiest in Israel's history and the deadliest for Jews since the Holocaust.[48][49][50][51] Some have called the attack a genocidal massacre against Israelis.[52][53][54]

    1. ^ a b c d From the United Nations:
      • United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (9 October 2023). "Fact Sheet: Israel and Palestine Conflict (9 October 2023)" (Press release). ReliefWeb. United Nations (UN). Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023. On Saturday, 7 October — a Jewish sabbath day, the end of the weeklong Jewish festival of Sukkot, and a day after the 50th anniversary of the Yom Kippur War — Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups launched Operation al-Aqsa Flood, a coordinated assault consisting of land and air attacks into multiple border areas of Israel.
      • United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) (7 October 2023). "UNRWA Situation Report #1 on the Situation in the Gaza Strip" (Situation Report). United Nations. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023. At 06:30 on the morning of 7 October 2023, Hamas launched "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood" with more than 5,000 rockets reportedly fired towards Israel from multiple locations in Gaza, as well as ground operation into Israel.
      • United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (20 October 2023). "Fact Sheet: Israel and Palestine Conflict (19 October 2023)" (Press release). ReliefWeb. United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023. On Saturday, 7 October...Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups launched Operation al-Aqsa Flood, a coordinated assault consisting of land and air attacks into multiple border areas of Israel.
    2. ^ a b c d e f g Guy Van Vlierden (14 October 2023). "HLN ONDERZOEK. Van jihadisten tot communisten: zeker 10 groeperingen deden mee met actie Palestijnse terroristen (HLN RESEARCH. From jihadists to communists: at least 10 groups participated in Palestinian terrorist action)". Het Laatste Nieuws. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023.
    3. ^ "الجبهة الشعبية: قرار الإدارة الأمريكية بتوفير الدعم للكيان هدفه تطويق النتائج الاستراتيجية لمعركة طوفان الأقصى" [Popular Front: The US Administration's Decision to Provide Support to the Entity [Israel] Aims to Contain the Strategic Outcomes of the Battle of the Al-Aqsa Flood]. alahednews.com.lb (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
    4. ^ "خلال بيان لها قبل قليل.. كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية". Alhourriah. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
    5. ^ a b الانترنت, الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على. "khilal bayan laha qabl qalilin.. katayib almuqawamat alwatania (quaat alshahid eumar alqasuma) aljanah aleaskarii liljabhat aldiymuqratia" خلال بيان لها قبل قليل.. كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية [During a statement a short while ago...the National Resistance Brigades (Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim), the military wing of the Democratic Front] (in Arabic). مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
    6. ^ Cite error: The named reference ynet was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    7. ^ "Palestinian Al Quds Brigades claim responsibility for attack at Lebanon-Israel border". Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
    8. ^ "Hamide Rencüs: İsrail ilk defa Gazze sınırındaki kontrolü kaybetmiş durumda" [Hamide Rencüs: Israel has lost control over the Gaza border for the first time]. bianet.org (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
    9. ^ Frantzman, Seth J. (17 October 2023). "Overwhelmed: The IDF's first hours fighting the terror waves on Oct 7". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023. Golani soldiers from the 51st and 13th battalions fought along 30km of the border at numerous points and took heavy casualties between October 7 and 9.
    10. ^ Cite error: The named reference kerem was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    11. ^ a b "New footage shows harbor security unit foiling Hamas naval infiltration on October 7". The Times of Israel. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
    12. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference shinbet was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    13. ^ Duro, Israel. "Heroes of Israel: Armed members of several kibbutzim managed to fight off terrorists". VOZ. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
    14. ^ Ghert-Zand, Enee. "Young dad of 6 absorbed blast to protect family in attack on Kerem Shalom". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
    15. ^ a b Fabian, Emanuel; Pacchiani, Gianluca (1 November 2023). "IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
    16. ^ a b c "הבקשה של פיקוד הדרום בלילה שלפני הטבח - והסירוב | פרסום ראשון". 26 February 2024. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
    17. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference social security data was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    18. ^ Cite error: The named reference cas2,2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    19. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (2 November 2023). "IDF says it has notified families of 242 hostages being held in Gaza". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
    20. ^ Waghorn, Dominic (23 October 2023). "This is a dangerous moment in Israel-Hamas war – and the rest of the world is holding its breath". Sky News. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
    21. ^ Herzl, Tova (20 October 2023). "אל תשתמשו במילה "שואה" בקשר לטבח". Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
    22. ^ "Biden Energy Adviser to Discuss Lebanon Border Issues on Israel Trip". Asharq Al-Awsat. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023. In the months before the Oct. 7 attack on Israel by Palestinian Hamas militants who run the Gaza Strip, Hochstein said the United States was exploring the possibility of resolving the longstanding border dispute between Lebanon and Israel.
    23. ^ "Hamas fighter says he is 'proud' of the October 7 attack on Israel and vows to keep fighting". Sky News. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
    24. ^ Jason Burke (9 November 2023). "A deadly cascade: how secret Hamas attack orders were passed down at last minute". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023. Analysts said other objectives of the 7 October attacks probably included halting efforts to normalise relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia, further undermining the Palestinian Authority, distracting from Hamas's failure to deliver services or break the blockade of Gaza, and provoking a violent reaction from Israel that would mobilise its own supporters in Gaza, the West Bank and elsewhere.
    25. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv (17 October 2023). "The First Hours of the Israel-Hamas War: What Actually Took Place?". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
    26. ^ "Around 1,000 dead in Israel-Hamas war, as Lebanon's Hezbollah also launches strikes". South China Morning Post. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
    27. ^ "Israel revises death toll from Oct. 7 Hamas assault, dropping it from 1,400 to 1,200". Times of Israel. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023.
    28. ^ "Israel revises Hamas attack death toll to 'around 1,200'". Reuters. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023.
    29. ^ Cite error: The named reference YnetFF was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    30. ^ Cite error: The named reference Cook121215 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    31. ^ Cite error: The named reference YA240112 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    32. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ynet240111 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    33. ^ "Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths". France 24. 15 December 2023. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
    34. ^ "Hamas says it has enough Israeli captives to free all Palestinian prisoners". Al-Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
    35. ^ Yonah, Jeremy (19 October 2023). "IDF working on rescue ops for over 200 Israeli hostages in Gaza". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
    36. ^ McKernan, Bethan (7 October 2023). "Hamas launches surprise attack on Israel as Palestinian gunmen reported in south". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
    37. ^ "Video appears to show Hamas taking Israeli civilian hostage". NBC News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
    38. ^ "Evidence points to systematic use of rape and sexual violence by Hamas in 7 October attacks | Israel-Gaza war | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024. By cross-referencing testimonies given to police, published interviews with witnesses, and photo and video footage taken by survivors and first responders, the Guardian is aware of at least six sexual assaults for which multiple corroborating pieces of evidence exist. Two of those victims, who were murdered, were aged under 18.
      At least seven women who were killed were also raped in the attack, according to Prof Ruth Halperin-Kaddari, a legal scholar and international women's rights advocate, from her examination of evidence so far. The New York Times and NBC have both identified more than 30 killed women and girls whose bodies bear signs of abuse, such as bloodied genitals and missing clothes, and according to the Israeli welfare ministry, five women and one man have come forward seeking help for sexual abuse over the past few months.
    39. ^ Cite error: The named reference NYTrapeinvestigation was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    40. ^ "New signs emerge of 'widespread' sexual crimes by Hamas, as Netanyahu alleges global indifference". AP News. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2024. Such accounts given to The Associated Press, along with first assessments by an Israeli rights group, show that sexual assault was part of an atrocities-filled rampage by Hamas and other Gaza militants who killed about 1,200 people, most of them civilians, and took more than 240 hostages that day.
    41. ^ Chotiner, Isaac (10 December 2023). "How Hamas Used Sexual Violence on October 7th". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024. What I can say with a really high degree of certainty is that it wasn't a few cases. It wasn't here and there, or only on one occasion. There were many cases of different gender-based and sexual violence, and they were in the kibbutzim and in the Nova music festival: the most extreme gang rapes, mutilation of body parts, putting objects into women's bodies, and having women paraded like trophies when they were taken into Gaza.
    42. ^ Cite error: The named reference aj7oct-invasion was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    43. ^ McKernan, Bethan; Michaelson, Ruth; Graham-Harrison, Emma; Kierszenbaum, Quique; Balousha, Hazem; Taha, Sufian; Sherwood, Harriet; Beaumont, Peter (14 October 2023). "Seven days of terror that shook the world and changed the Middle East". The Observer. Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
    44. ^ Pacchiani, Luca (7 October 2023). "Hamas deputy chief anticipates hostages will be swapped for Palestinian prisoners". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
    45. ^ Waldo, Cleary; Epstein, Gabriel; Hilbush, Sydney (11 October 2023). "International Reactions to the Hamas Attack on Israel". The Washington Institute. PolicyWatch 3793. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
    46. ^ Michaelson, Ruth (7 October 2023). "Condemnation and calls for restraint after Hamas attack on Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023. International leaders condemned an unprecedented incursion by Palestinian militants into southern Israel, while governments across the Middle East called for restraint after an attack that shook the Israeli security establishment. [...] The US defence secretary, Lloyd Austin, said his organisation would send support to Israel. 'Over the coming days the Department of Defense will work to ensure that Israel has what it needs to defend itself and protect civilians from indiscriminate violence and terrorism,' he said.
    47. ^ "World reaction to surprise attack by Palestinian Hamas on Israel". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
    48. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    49. ^ "Hamas's attack was the bloodiest in Israel's history". The Economist. 12 October 2023. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023. The most searing historical comparison predates Israel's founding. Not all of Hamas's victims were Israeli, and not all of the Israeli dead were Jewish. But under reasonable assumptions about the ethnic make-up of those killed in this and previous attacks, the last time before October 7th that this many Jews were murdered on a single day was during the Holocaust.
    50. ^ "Hamas attack 'deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust', says Biden, as Israeli jets pound Gaza". The Guardian. 12 October 2023. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
    51. ^ "Israel-Hamas War of 2023 | Explanation, Summary, Casualties, & Map | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 14 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
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