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Sultanate of Adal سلطنة عدل (Arabic) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1415–1577 | |||||||||
 The combined three banners used by Ahmad al-Ghazi's forces | |||||||||
.svg) The Adal Sultanate in c. 1540 | |||||||||
| Capital | |||||||||
| Official languages | Arabic | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Religion | |||||||||
| Government | Kingdom | ||||||||
| Sultan | |||||||||
• 1415–1423 (first) | Sabr ad-Din III | ||||||||
• 1577 (last) | Muhammad Gasa | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Established | 1415 | ||||||||
• Sabr ad-Din III returns from exile in Yemen | 1415 | ||||||||
• War with Yeshaq I | 1415–1429 | ||||||||
• Succession Crisis | 1518–1526 | ||||||||
| 1529–1543 | |||||||||
• Disestablished | 1577 | ||||||||
| Currency | Ashrafi[1] | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Adal Sultanate also known as the Adal Empire, or Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling Adel Sultanate, Adal Sultanate) (Arabic: سلطنة عدل) was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa.[2] It was founded by Sabr ad-Din III on the Harar plateau in Adal after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat.[3] The kingdom flourished c. 1415 to 1577.[4] At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Cape Guardafui in Somalia to the port city of Suakin in Sudan.[5][6][7][8][9][10] The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire.[11] Sultanate of Adal was alternatively known as the federation of Zeila.[12]
- ^ Zekaria, Ahmed (1991). "Harari Coins: A Preliminary Survey". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 24: 24. ISSN 0304-2243. JSTOR 41965992.
- ^ Ta'a, Tesema (2002). ""Bribing the Land": An Appraisal of the Farming Systems of the Maccaa Oromo in Wallagga". Northeast African Studies. 9 (3). Michigan State University Press: 99. doi:10.1353/nas.2007.0016. JSTOR 41931282. S2CID 201750719.
- ^ Ahmed, Hussein (2007). "Reflections on Historical and Contemporary Islam in Ethiopia and Somalia: A Comparative and Contrastive Overview". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 40 (1/2). Institute of Ethiopian Studies: 264. JSTOR 41988230.
- ^ Elrich 2001, p. 36.
- ^ Pradines, Stéphane (7 November 2022). Historic Mosques in Sub-Saharan Africa From Timbuktu to Zanzibar. BRILL. p. 127. ISBN 9789004472617.
- ^ Braukamper, Ulrich (2002). Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Lit. p. 33. ISBN 9783825856717.
- ^ Owens, Travis. BELEAGUERED MUSLIM FORTRESSES AND ETHIOPIAN IMPERIAL EXPANSION FROM THE 13TH TO THE 16TH CENTURY (PDF). NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL. p. 23. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 12, 2020.
- ^ Pouwels, Randall (31 March 2000). The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press. p. 229. ISBN 9780821444610.
- ^ Leo, Africanus; Pory, John; Brown, Robert (1896). The history and description of Africa. Harvard University. London, Printed for the Hakluyt society. pp. 51–53.
- ^ Hassan, Mohamed. The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860. p. 35.
- ^ Salvadore, Matteo (2016). The African Prester John and the Birth of Ethiopian-European Relations, 1402–1555. Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 978-1317045465. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
- ^ Brill, E. J. (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. A - Bābā Beg · Volume 1. Brill. p. 126. ISBN 9789004097872.
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