Back سلطنة أجوران Arabic Sultanatu Ajuran AST Ajuran dövləti Azerbaijani Аджуран (дәүләт) Bashkir Ajuuraan Catalan Sultanát Ajuuraan Czech Sultanat Ajuran German Ajurana Sultanlando Esperanto Sultanato Ajuran Spanish Ajuuraan Basque

Ajuran Sultanate

This article is about the sultanate in the Horn of Africa. For the Somali clan, see Ajuran (clan).

Ajuuraan Sultanate
Dawladdii Ajuuraan (Somali)
دولة الأجورانية (Arabic)
13th century–18th century
Flag of Ajuran Sultanate
The banner of Mogadishu
Location of Ajuran Sultanate
Capital
Common languages
Religion
Sunni Islam (state)
GovernmentMonarchy
Sultan, Imam 
History 
• Established
13th century
16th century
Mid-17th century
• Decline
18th century
Currency
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Mogadishu Sultanate
Tunni Sultanate
Geledi Sultanate
Hiraab Imamate
Today part ofSomalia
Ethiopia

The Ajuran Sultanate (Somali: Saldanadda Ajuuraan, Arabic: سلطنة الأجورانية), natively referred to as Ajuuraan,[3] and often simply Ajuran,[4] was a medieval Muslim Empire in the Horn of Africa.[5] Founded by Somali Sultans[6][7] it ruled over large parts of the Horn of Africa during the Middle Ages.[8][5] It rose to power in the 13th century and would dominate the Indian Ocean trade for centuries to come. Through a strong centralised administration and an aggressive military stance towards invaders, the Ajuran Empire successfully resisted Oromo invasions from the west and fought against Portuguese incursions from the east.[9][10][11][12]

Trading routes dating from ancient and early medieval periods of Somali maritime enterprise were strengthened and re-established, foreign trade and commerce in the coastal provinces flourished with ships sailing to and from kingdoms and empires in the Near East, East Asia, and the wider world.[13][14]

  1. ^ Caulfield, J. Benjamin (1850). Mathematical & physical geography. Edwards & Hughes, 12, Ave Maria Lane. p. 190.
  2. ^ Reid, Hugo (1853). A System of Modern Geography ... with Exercises of Examination. To which are Added Treatises on Astronomy and Physical Geography. p. 166.
  3. ^ Njoku, Raphael Chijioke (2013). The History of Somalia. Greenwood. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-313-37857-7.
  4. ^ "Ajuran | historical state, Africa". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  5. ^ a b Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (1989). "The Emergence and Role of Political Parties in the Inter-River Region of Somalia from 1947–1960". Ufahamu. 17 (2): 98.
  6. ^ Luling, Virginia (2002). Somali Sultanate: the Geledi city-state over 150 years. Transaction Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-874209-98-0.
  7. ^ Luc Cambrézy, Populations réfugiées: de l'exil au retour, p.316
  8. ^ Kariye, Dr Badal W. (30 July 2018). The Rise & The Fall of Somali President His Excellency Mohamed Abdillahi Mohamed (Farmajo). Lulu.com. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-387-98657-6.
  9. ^ Lewis, Herbert S. "The Origins of the Galla and Somali". The Journal of African History. 7 (1): 27–46. ISSN 1469-5138.
  10. ^ Abdi, Mohameddeq Ali (4 May 2022). Why Somalia does not get the right direction. Books on Demand. p. 26. ISBN 978-3-7562-5152-0.
  11. ^ Czerep, Jędrzej (2022), "Turkey's soft power experiments and dilemmas in Somalia", Handbook of the Horn of Africa, Routledge, pp. 151–160, doi:10.4324/9780429426957-16, ISBN 978-0-429-42695-7
  12. ^ Furlow, Richard Bennett (2013). The spectre of colony: colonialism, Islamism, and state in Somalia (Report). Arizona State University. p. 7.
  13. ^ Shelley, Fred M. (2013). Nation Shapes: The Story behind the World's Borders. ABC-CLIO. p. 358. ISBN 978-1-61069-106-2.
  14. ^ Rodriguez, Jorge de Torres (18 May 2022), "The Medieval Archaeology of Somaliland", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology, ISBN 978-0-19-085458-4

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