Bisexual erasure

Bisexual erasure (or bi erasure), also called bisexual invisibility, is the tendency to ignore, remove, falsify, or re-explain evidence of bisexuality in history, academia, the news media, and other primary sources.^[1]^[2]^[3]

In its most extreme form, bisexual erasure can include the belief that bisexuality itself does not exist.^[1]^[3] Bisexual erasure may include the assertion all bisexual individuals are in a phase and will soon "choose a side", either heterosexual or homosexual. Another common variant of bisexual erasure involves accepting bisexuality in women while downplaying or rejecting the validity of bisexual identity in men.^[4] One belief underlying bisexual erasure is that bisexual individuals are distinctively indecisive.^[5] Misrepresentations of bisexual individuals as hypersexual erases the sexual agency of bisexuals, effectively erasing their true identities as well.^[6]

Bisexual erasure is often a manifestation of biphobia,^[1]^[2]^[3] although it does not necessarily involve overt antagonism. Erasure frequently results in bisexual-identifying individuals experiencing a variety of adverse social encounters, as they not only have to struggle with finding acceptance within general society but also within the LGBT community.^[7] Bisexual erasure is a form of stigma and leads to adverse mental health consequences for people who identify as bisexual, or similar, such as pansexual.^[8]^[9]

There is increasing inclusion and visibility of bisexuals, particularly in the LGBT community.^[10]^[11]^{[compared to?]}

^ ^a ^b ^c Mary Zeiss Stange; Carol K. Oyster; Jane E. Sloan (2011). Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World. Sage Pubns. pp. 158–161. ISBN 978-1-4129-7685-5. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b Dworkin, SH (2001). "Treating the bisexual client". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 57 (5): 671–80. doi:10.1002/jclp.1036. PMID 11304706.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hutchins, Loraine. "Sexual Prejudice – The erasure of bisexuals in academia and the media". American Sexuality Magazine. San Francisco, CA: National Sexuality Resource Center, San Francisco State University. Archived from the original on 2007-12-16. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
^ "No Surprise for Bisexual Men: Report Indicates They Exist". The New York Times, August 22, 2011.
^ Klesse, Christian (2011). "Shady Characters, Untrustworthy Partners, and Promiscuous Sluts: Creating Bisexual Intimacies in the Face of Heteronormativity and Biphobia". Journal of Bisexuality. 11 (2–3): 227–244. doi:10.1080/15299716.2011.571987. S2CID 144102905.
^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Berbary, Lisbeth A.; Guzman, Coco (2017-11-21). "We Exist: Combating Erasure Through Creative Analytic Comix about Bisexuality". Qualitative Inquiry. 24 (7): 478–498. doi:10.1177/1077800417735628. ISSN 1077-8004. S2CID 148705390.
^ Ross, Lori E.; Salway, Travis; Tarasoff, Lesley A.; MacKay, Jenna M.; Hawkins, Blake W.; Fehr, Charles P. (2018-06-13). "Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Bisexual People Compared to Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Individuals:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". The Journal of Sex Research. 55 (4–5): 435–456. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1387755. ISSN 0022-4499. PMID 29099625.
^ Migdon, Brooke (2021-12-01). "New online LGBTQ+ glossary fails to include 'bisexual' and 'pansexual'". The Hill. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
^ "Queers United". Archived from the original on 2013-02-10. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
^ "Task Force Report On Bisexuality". Archived from the original on 2014-02-16.

[Stange-1] Mary Zeiss Stange; Carol K. Oyster; Jane E. Sloan (2011). Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World. Sage Pubns. pp. 158–161. ISBN 978-1-4129-7685-5. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

[Dworkin-2] Dworkin, SH (2001). "Treating the bisexual client". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 57 (5): 671–80. doi:10.1002/jclp.1036. PMID 11304706.

[Hutchins-3] Hutchins, Loraine. "Sexual Prejudice – The erasure of bisexuals in academia and the media". American Sexuality Magazine. San Francisco, CA: National Sexuality Resource Center, San Francisco State University. Archived from the original on 2007-12-16. Retrieved 2007-07-19.

[4] "No Surprise for Bisexual Men: Report Indicates They Exist". The New York Times, August 22, 2011.

[:03-5] Klesse, Christian (2011). "Shady Characters, Untrustworthy Partners, and Promiscuous Sluts: Creating Bisexual Intimacies in the Face of Heteronormativity and Biphobia". Journal of Bisexuality. 11 (2–3): 227–244. doi:10.1080/15299716.2011.571987. S2CID 144102905.

[:2-6] Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[7] Berbary, Lisbeth A.; Guzman, Coco (2017-11-21). "We Exist: Combating Erasure Through Creative Analytic Comix about Bisexuality". Qualitative Inquiry. 24 (7): 478–498. doi:10.1177/1077800417735628. ISSN 1077-8004. S2CID 148705390.

[8] Ross, Lori E.; Salway, Travis; Tarasoff, Lesley A.; MacKay, Jenna M.; Hawkins, Blake W.; Fehr, Charles P. (2018-06-13). "Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Bisexual People Compared to Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Individuals:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". The Journal of Sex Research. 55 (4–5): 435–456. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1387755. ISSN 0022-4499. PMID 29099625.

[9] Migdon, Brooke (2021-12-01). "New online LGBTQ+ glossary fails to include 'bisexual' and 'pansexual'". The Hill. Retrieved 2023-05-09.

[Queers_United-10] "Queers United". Archived from the original on 2013-02-10. Retrieved 2013-02-13.

[the_task_force-11] "Task Force Report On Bisexuality". Archived from the original on 2014-02-16.

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