Fat removal procedures

Fat removal procedures are used mostly in cosmetic surgery with the intention of removing unwanted adipose tissue. The procedure may be invasive, as with liposuction,^[1] or noninvasive using laser therapy, radiofrequency, ultrasound or cold (cryoablation or cryolipolysis) to reduce fat, sometimes in combination with injections.^[2]^[3]

Fat is sometimes removed from one location to another on a person in an autograft, such as in some breast reconstruction and breast augmentation procedures.^[4] These techniques are distinct from bariatric surgery, which aims to treat obesity by minimizing food consumption or by interfering with the absorption of food during digestion, and from injection lipolysis, which relies solely on injections marketed as causing lipolysis.^[2]

^ Shridharani, SM; Broyles, JM; Matarasso, A (2014). "Liposuction devices: technology update". Medical Devices: Evidence and Research. 7: 241–51. doi:10.2147/MDER.S47322. PMC 4114741. PMID 25093000.
^ ^a ^b Mulholland, RS; Paul, MD; Chalfoun, C (July 2011). "Noninvasive body contouring with radiofrequency, ultrasound, cryolipolysis, and low-level laser therapy". Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 38 (3): 503–20, vii–iii. doi:10.1016/j.cps.2011.05.002. PMID 21824546.
^ Ortiz, AE; Avram, MM (September 2015). "Noninvasive body contouring: cryolipolysis and ultrasound". Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 34 (3): 129–33. doi:10.12788/j.sder.2015.0171. PMID 26566568.
^ De Souza, MM; Jewell, AD; Grief, SN; Vail, BA (December 2018). "Plastic Surgery for Women". Primary Care. 45 (4): 705–717. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2018.07.008. PMID 30401351. S2CID 53225345.