Back Fathimah az-Zahara ACE Fatimah Afrikaans فاطمة الزهراء Arabic فاطمه الزهراء ARZ Fátima az-Zahra AST ФатӀима Загьраъ AV Fatimə Azerbaijani فاطمه الزهرا AZB Фатима (Мөхәммәт Пәйғәмбәр ҡыҙы) Bashkir Фаціма Byelorussian
Fatima al-Zahra | |
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.jpg) Artwork with Fatima's name, reconstruction from a Safavid piece | |
| Born | 605 or 612/15 (disputed) |
| Died | 632 |
| Resting place | Medina, Hejaz |
| Title | List of titles
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| Spouse | Ali |
| Children | |
| Parents | |
| Relatives |
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| Family | House of Muhammad |
| Part of a series on Shia Islam |
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 Shia Islam portal |
Fatima bint Muhammad (Arabic: فَاطِمَة بِنْت مُحَمَّد, romanized: Fāṭima bint Muḥammad; 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fatima al-Zahra' (Arabic: فَاطِمَة ٱلزَّهْرَاء, romanized: Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija.[1] Fatima's husband was Ali, the fourth of the Rashidun Caliphs and the first Shia Imam. Fatima's sons were Hasan and Husayn, the second and third Shia Imams, respectively.[2][3] Fatima has been compared to Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Shia Islam.[4][5] Muhammad is said to have regarded her as the best of women[6][7] and the dearest person to him.[8][6] She is often viewed as an ultimate archetype for Muslim women and an example of compassion, generosity, and enduring suffering.[4] It is through Fatima that Muhammad's family line has survived to this date.[9][7] Her name and her epithets remain popular choices for Muslim girls.[10][11]
When Muhammad died in 632, Fatima and her husband Ali refused to acknowledge the authority of the first caliph, Abu Bakr. The couple and their supporters held that Ali was the rightful successor of Muhammad,[4] possibly referring to his announcement at the Ghadir Khumm.[12] Controversy surrounds Fatima's death within six months of Muhammad's.[13] Sunni Islam holds that Fatima died from grief.[3] In Shia Islam, however, Fatima's (miscarriage and) death are said to have been the direct result of her injuries during a raid on her house to subdue Ali, ordered by Abu Bakr.[14] It is believed that Fatima's dying wish was that the caliph should not attend her funeral.[15][16] She was buried secretly at night and her exact burial place remains uncertain.[17][18]
- ^ Campo 2009a, p. 230.
- ^ Buehler 2014, p. 183.
- ^ a b Veccia Vaglieri 2022a.
- ^ a b c Fedele 2018, p. 56.
- ^ Ernst 2003, p. 171.
- ^ a b Buehler 2014, p. 185.
- ^ a b Qutbuddin 2006, p. 249.
- ^ Soufi 1997, p. 68.
- ^ Abbas 2021, p. 57.
- ^ Amir-Moezzi & Calmard 1999.
- ^ Rogerson 2006, p. 42.
- ^ Amir-Moezzi 2022.
- ^ Abbas 2021, p. 103.
- ^ Buehler 2014, p. 186.
- ^ Mavani 2013, p. 117.
- ^ Kassam & Blomfield 2015, p. 212.
- ^ Khetia 2013, p. 82.
- ^ Klemm 2005, pp. 184–5.
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