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Masagana 99 was an agricultural program of then Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos to increase rice production among Filipino farmers. The program was launched in 1973 at a time the country was experiencing a rice supply shortage. By promoting high yield varieties, chemical fertilizers, and herbicides,[1] the program initially allowed the Philippines to attain self-sufficiency in 1975–1976, and export rice to its neighboring Asian countries in 1977–1978. By 1980, however, problems with the credit scheme rendered the loans accessible only to rich landowners while leaving poor farmers in debt.[2] The program was also noted to have become a vehicle of political patronage.[3][4][5]
By 1984, the Marcos administration shifted its focus away from Masagana 99 and towards different programs.[4][6]
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Davidsonwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
MiguelPaoloJoelandLarahwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Tadem, Eduardo C. (2015-09-02). "Marcoses should apologize to Filipino farmers". Inquirer. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
- ^ Caña, Paul John (2020-05-23). "What Was the Masagana 99 Program and Why Do Some People Want it Back?". Esquire. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
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