Back الجبهة القومية (الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية) Arabic Нацыяналістычная фракцыя (Іспанія) Byelorussian Бунтовническа фракция Bulgarian Bàndol nacional Catalan Εθνικιστική παράταξη (Ισπανικός Εμφύλιος) Greek Bando sublevado Spanish Nationalistes espagnols French Bando nacional Galician Faksi Nasionalis (Perang Saudara Spanyol) ID Bando nacional Italian
| Nationalist faction | |
|---|---|
| Bando nacional | |
&sq=War_Crimes&lang=en&file=File:Bandera_del_bando_nacional_1936-1938.svg) &sq=War_Crimes&lang=en&file=File:Flag_of_Spain_(1938%E2%80%931945).svg) Left: Flag until 1938 / Right: Flag from 1938 | |
| Leader | |
| Dates of operation | 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 |
| Ideology | Totalitarianism[2][3] Spanish nationalism[4] Authoritarian conservatism[5] |
| Political position | Right-wing to far-right |
| Part of | Movimiento Nacional (from 1937) |
| Allies |  Germany Italy Portugal&sq=War_Crimes&lang=en&file=File:Flag_of_the_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg){kind=small} Holy See |
| Opponents | Republican faction |
| Battles and wars | Spanish Civil War |
The Nationalist faction (Spanish: Bando nacional)[n 2] was a major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939. It was composed of a variety of right-leaning political groups that supported the Spanish Coup of July 1936 against the Second Spanish Republic and Republican faction and sought to depose Manuel Azaña, including the Falange, the CEDA, and two rival monarchist claimants: the Alfonsist Renovación Española and the Carlist Traditionalist Communion. In 1937, all the groups were merged into the FET y de las JONS. After the death of the faction's early leaders, General Francisco Franco, one of the members of the 1936 coup, headed the Nationalists throughout most of the war, and emerged as the dictator of Spain until his death in 1975.
The term Nationalists or Nationals (nacionales) was coined by Joseph Goebbels following the visit of the clandestine Spanish delegation led by Captain Francisco Arranz requesting war materiel on 24 July 1936, in order to give a cloak of legitimacy to Nazi Germany's help to the Spanish rebel military.[6] The leaders of the rebel faction, who had already been denominated as 'Crusaders' by Bishop of Salamanca Enrique Pla y Deniel – and also used the term Cruzada for their campaign – immediately took a liking to it.
The term Bando nacional – much as the term rojos (Reds) to refer to the loyalists – is considered by some authors as a term linked with the propaganda of that faction. Throughout the civil war the term 'National' was mainly used by the members and supporters of the rebel faction, while its opponents used the terms fascistas (fascists)[7] or facciosos (sectarians)[8] to refer to this faction.
- ^ Payne, SG The Franco Regime, 1936–1975 Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1987 p. 101, note 27.
- ^ "Un estado totalitario armonizará en España el…".
- ^ "Un estado totalitario armonizará en España el".
- ^ "The Extreme Right in Spain – Surviving in the Shadow of Franco" (PDF). core.ac.uk. Hedda Samdahl Weltz. 2014.
- ^ Payne, Stanley G. (1995), A History of Fascism, 1914–1945, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 255, ISBN 978-0-299-14874-4
- ^ Juan Eslava Galán, Una Historia de la Guerra Civil que no va a Gustar a Nadie, Ed. Planeta. 2005. ISBN 8408058835. pp. 9–12.
- ^ Beevor, Antony (2006) [1982]. The Battle for Spain. Orion. ISBN 978-0-7538-2165-7.
- ^ Ángel Bahamonde & Javier Cervera Gil, Así terminó la Guerra de España, Marcial Pons, Madrid 1999, ISBN 84-95379-00-7
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