Back الكتائب الإسبانية التقليدية والجمعيات الدفاعية النقابية الوطنية Arabic Традыцыяналісцкая іспанская фаланга саветаў нацыянальнага сіндыкалісцкага наступлення Byelorussian Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS Catalan FET y de las JONS Danish FET y de las JONS German FET y de las JONS Esperanto Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista Spanish FET y de las JONS Estonian FET y de las JONS Basque Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista French
Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | FET y de las JONS |
| Governing body | Movimiento Nacional[1] |
| National Chief | Francisco Franco[2] |
| Founded | 19 April 1937 |
| Dissolved | 7 April 1977 |
| Merger of | Traditionalist Communion Falange Española de las JONS |
| Headquarters | Calle de Alcalá 44, Madrid[note 1] |
| Newspaper | Arriba[4] |
| Student wing | Sindicato Español Universitario |
| Youth wing | Frente de Juventudes |
| Women's wing | Sección Femenina |
| Trade union | Spanish Syndical Organization |
| Sports body | Delegación Nacional de Deportes |
| Membership |  932,000 (1942 est.)[5] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-right[11][12] |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| European affiliation | European Social Movement[13][14] |
| Colours | Red Black |
| Anthem | Cara al Sol[15] |
| Party flag | |
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The Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (lit. 'Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive'; FET y de las JONS),[16] frequently shortened to just "FET",[17] was the sole legal party of the Francoist regime in Spain. It was created by General Francisco Franco in 1937 as a merger of the fascist Falange Española de las JONS (FE de las JONS) with the monarchist neo-absolutist and integralist Catholic Traditionalist Communion belonging to the Carlist movement.[18] In addition to the resemblance of names, the party formally retained most of the platform of FE de las JONS (26 out of 27 points) and a similar inner structure.[19] In force until April 1977, it was rebranded as the Movimiento Nacional in 1958.[20]
- ^ Payne, Stanley G. (2011-09-27). The Franco Regime, 1936–1975. University of Wisconsin Pres. p. 446. ISBN 9780299110734.
- ^ (1937–1975)
- ^ "El yugo y las flechas de Alcalá 44, desmontados". El País. 10 April 1977.
- ^ Jacob Fox Watkins (2014). "Not Just "Franco 's Spain" - The Spanish Political Landscape During Re-Emergence through the Pact of Madrid". Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies. 39 (1). Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
- ^ Payne 1987, p. 238.
- ^ Cyprian P. Blamires (editor). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2006. pp. 219-220.
- ^ "The Extreme Right in Spain - Surviving in the Shadow of Franco" (PDF). core.ac.uk. Hedda Samdahl Weltz. 2014.
- ^ see e.g. González Cuevas 2008, pp. 1170–1171, Rodríguez Núñez 2013, Heleno Saña, Historia de la filosófia española, Madrid 2007, ISBN 9788496710986, p. 255 and onwards, in popular discourse Pradera is "one of the icons and pilars of Francoism", see ABC 25.10.04, available here
- ^ Gonzalo Redondo Galvez, Política, cultura y sociedad en la España de Franco, 1939–1975, vol. 1, Pamplona 1999, ISBN 8431317132; according to the author, "el authoritarismo franquista no fue de signo fascista sino tradicionalista", according to another, "el authoritarismo franquista no fue de signo fascista sino tradicionalista", see Juan María Sanchez-Prieto, Lo que fué y lo que no fué Franco, [in:] Nueva Revista de Política, Cultura y Arte 69 (2000), pp. 30–38
- ^ García-Fernández, Mónica (February 2022). "From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain". Contemporary European History. 31 (1, Special Issue: The Contemporary European History Prize). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press: 2–14. doi:10.1017/S0960777321000515. ISSN 1469-2171.
- ^ Albanese, Matteo Antonio; Hierro, Pablo del (2013). "Una red transnacional. La "network" de la extrema derecha entre España e Italia después de la II Guerra Mundial, 1945-1968" (PDF). Falange, las culturas políticas del fascismo en la España de Franco (1936-1975), Vol. 2, 2013, ISBN 978-84-9911-216-9, págs. 6-24. Instituto "Fernando El Católico": 6–24. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
- ^ Grecco, Gabriela de Lima (2016). "Falange Española: de la corte literaria de José Antonio al protagonismo del nacionalcatolicismo" (PDF). História e Cultura. 5 (Extra 3): 98–118. doi:10.18223/hiscult.v5i3.1999. ISSN 2238-6270. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
- ^ (from 1951)
- ^ Tauber, Kurt P. (1959). "German Nationalists and European Union". Political Science Quarterly. 74 (4): 564–589. doi:10.2307/2146424. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2146424.
- ^ (English: Facing the Sun)
- ^ Thomàs 2019, p. 1.
- ^ Kershaw, Ian (2016). To Hell and Back: Europe 1914–1949. New York: Penguin Books. p. 309. ISBN 978-0-14-310992-1.
- ^ Thomàs 2020, p. 39.
- ^ Thomàs 2020, pp. 38–39.
- ^ Thomàs 2020, p. 38.
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