Third Portuguese Republic

Portuguese Republic
*República Portuguesa* (Portuguese)
Portuguese Republic República Portuguesa (Portuguese)
	Flag Coat of arms
	Anthem: "A Portuguesa"; "The Portuguese";
	Location of Portugal (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey); – in the European Union (green)
Capital and largest city	Lisbon; 38°46′N 9°9′W / 38.767°N 9.150°W
Official languages	Portuguese
Recognised regional languages	Mirandese
Ethnic groups (2021)	88.5% Portuguese; 11.5% Others;
Religion (2021)	84.8% Christianity 80.2% Catholicism; 4.6% Other Christian; ; ; 14.1% No religion; 1.1% Others;
Demonym(s)	Portuguese
Government	Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
• President	Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
• Prime Minister	Luís Montenegro
Legislature	Assembly of the Republic
Establishment
• First County	868
• Second County	1095
• Sovereignty	24 June 1128
• Kingdom	25 July 1139
• Treaty of Zamora	5 October 1143
• Restoration	1 December 1640
• First Constitution	23 September 1822
• Republic	5 October 1910
• Democratization	25 April 1974
• Current constitution	25 April 1976
• EEC accession	1 January 1986
Area
• Total	92,212 km2 (35,603 sq mi) (109th)
• Water (%)	1.2 (2015)
Population
• 2021 estimate	10,352,042 (89th)
• 2021 census	10,343,066
• Density	112.2/km2 (290.6/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$432.1 billion (51st)
• Per capita	$42,067 (43rd)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$255.9 billion (50th)
• Per capita	$24,910 (40th)
Gini (2020)	31.2; medium
HDI (2021)	0.866; very high (38th)
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC (WET); UTC−1 (Atlantic/Azores)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (WEST); UTC (Atlantic/Azores)
	Note: Continental Portugal and Madeira use WET/WEST; the Azores are 1 hour behind.
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+351
ISO 3166 code	PT
Internet TLD	.pt
	^ Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro), awarding it an official right-of-use. Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized.; ^ By country of birth; ^ Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions, between 1982 and 2005.;

The Third Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Terceira República Portuguesa) is a period in the history of Portugal corresponding to the current democratic regime installed after the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, that put an end to the paternal autocratic regime of Estado Novo of António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcelo Caetano. It was initially characterized by constant instability and was threatened by the possibility of a civil war during the early post-revolutionary years. A new constitution was drafted, censorship was prohibited, free speech declared, political prisoners were released and major Estado Novo institutions were closed. Eventually the country granted independence to its African colonies and begun a process of democratization that led to the accession of Portugal to the EEC (today's European Union) in 1986.

^ ^a ^b "Reconhecimento oficial de direitos linguísticos da comunidade mirandesa (Official recognition of linguistic rights of the Mirandese community)". Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa (UdL). Archived from the original on 18 March 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
^ ^a ^b The Euromosaic study, Mirandese in Portugal, europa.eu – European Commission website. Retrieved January 2007. Link updated December 2015
^ "661 mil imigrantes, mais 71 mil do que antes da pandemia" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. 4 May 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
^ "Censos 2021. Católicos diminuem, mas ainda são mais de 80% dos portugueses". RTP. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
^ Constitution of Portugal, Preamble:
^ (in Portuguese)"Superfície Que municípios têm maior e menor área?". Pordata. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
^ "Estimativas de População Residente, Portugal, NUTS I, II e III e Municípios. Exercício Ad hoc 2020 e 2021". ine.pt. INE. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
^ "Censos 2021 - Principais tendências ocorridas em Portugal na última década". Statistics Portugal - Web Portal. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
^ "PORDATA - Population density, according to Census".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects – Portugal". International Monetary Fund. 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

[auto-1] "Reconhecimento oficial de direitos linguísticos da comunidade mirandesa (Official recognition of linguistic rights of the Mirandese community)". Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa (UdL). Archived from the original on 18 March 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2015.

[auto1-2] The Euromosaic study, Mirandese in Portugal, europa.eu – European Commission website. Retrieved January 2007. Link updated December 2015

[5] "661 mil imigrantes, mais 71 mil do que antes da pandemia" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. 4 May 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.

[Censos2021-6] "Censos 2021. Católicos diminuem, mas ainda são mais de 80% dos portugueses". RTP. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.

[7] Constitution of Portugal, Preamble:

[9] (in Portuguese)"Superfície Que municípios têm maior e menor área?". Pordata. Retrieved 17 November 2020.

[10] "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.

[11] "Estimativas de População Residente, Portugal, NUTS I, II e III e Municípios. Exercício Ad hoc 2020 e 2021". ine.pt. INE. Retrieved 17 June 2022.

[auto2-12] "Censos 2021 - Principais tendências ocorridas em Portugal na última década". Statistics Portugal - Web Portal. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.

[13] "PORDATA - Population density, according to Census".

[imf2-14] "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects – Portugal". International Monetary Fund. 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.

[eurogini-15] "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2022.

[UNHDR-16] "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

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Portuguese Republic República Portuguesa (Portuguese)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "A Portuguesa" "The Portuguese"
Location of Portugal (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)
Capital and largest city	Lisbon 38°46′N 9°9′W / 38.767°N 9.150°W / 38.767; -9.150
Official languages	Portuguese
Recognised regional languages	Mirandese^{[note 1]}
Ethnic groups (2021)	88.5% Portuguese 11.5% Others
Religion (2021)^[4]	84.8% Christianity 80.2% Catholicism 4.6% Other Christian 14.1% No religion 1.1% Others
Demonym(s)	Portuguese
Government	Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic^[5]

• President	Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
• Prime Minister	Luís Montenegro

Legislature	Assembly of the Republic
Establishment

• First County	868
• Second County	1095
• Sovereignty	24 June 1128
• Kingdom	25 July 1139
• Treaty of Zamora	5 October 1143
• Restoration	1 December 1640
• First Constitution	23 September 1822
• Republic	5 October 1910
• Democratization	25 April 1974
• Current constitution	25 April 1976^{[note 3]}
• EEC accession	1 January 1986

Area
• Total	92,212 km² (35,603 sq mi)^[6] (109th)
• Water (%)	1.2 (2015)^[7]
Population
• 2021 estimate	10,352,042^[8] (89th)
• 2021 census	10,343,066^[9]
• Density	112.2^[10]/km² (290.6/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$432.1 billion^[11] (51st)
• Per capita	$42,067^[11] (43rd)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$255.9 billion^[11] (50th)
• Per capita	$24,910^[11] (40th)
Gini (2020)	31.2^[12] medium
HDI (2021)	0.866^[13] very high (38th)
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC (WET) UTC−1 (Atlantic/Azores)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (WEST) UTC (Atlantic/Azores)
	Note: Continental Portugal and Madeira use WET/WEST; the Azores are 1 hour behind.
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+351
ISO 3166 code	PT
Internet TLD	.pt
^ Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro),^[1] awarding it an official right-of-use.^[2] Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized. ^ By country of birth ^ Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions, between 1982 and 2005.