Lake Erie

Lake Erie
Waabishkiigoo-gichigami / Aanikegamaa-gichigami (Ojibwe)
NOAA satellite image of Lake Erie from July 7, 2023. Light green swirls are algae bloom on the western edge of the lake.
Lake Erie
Lake Erie and Lake Saint Clair bathymetric map.[1][2][3][4] The deepest point is marked with "×".[5]
Location	North America
Group	Great Lakes
Coordinates	42°12′N 81°12′W / 42.2°N 81.2°W / 42.2; -81.2
Lake type	Glacial
Primary inflows	Detroit River[6]
Primary outflows	Niagara River Welland Canal[7]
Basin countries	Canada  United States
Max. length	241 mi (388 km)
Max. width	57 mi (92 km)
Surface area	9,910 sq mi (25,700 km2)[7]
Average depth	62 ft (19 m)[7]
Max. depth	210 ft (64 m)[8]
Water volume	116 cu mi (480 km3)[7]
Residence time	2.6 years
Shore length1	799 mi (1,286 km) plus 72 mi (116 km) for islands[9]
Surface elevation	569 ft (173 m)[7]
Islands	24+ (see list)
Settlements	Cleveland, Ohio Buffalo, New York Erie, Pennsylvania Toledo, Ohio Monroe, Michigan Leamington, Ontario Port Colborne, Ontario
References	[8]
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Lake Erie (/ˈɪəri/ EER-ee; French: Lac Érié) is the fourth-largest lake by surface area of the five Great Lakes in North America and the eleventh-largest globally.^[6][10] It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes^[11][12] and also has the shortest average water residence time. At its deepest point Lake Erie is 210 feet (64 m) deep, making it the only Great Lake whose deepest point is above sea level.^[13]

Situated on the International Boundary between Canada and the United States, Lake Erie's northern shore is the Canadian province of Ontario, specifically the Ontario Peninsula, with the U.S. states of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York on its western, southern, and eastern shores. These jurisdictions divide the surface area of the lake with water boundaries. The largest city on the lake is Cleveland, anchoring the third largest U.S. metro area in the Great Lakes region, after Greater Chicago and Metro Detroit. Other major cities along the lake shore include Buffalo, New York; Erie, Pennsylvania; and Toledo, Ohio.

Situated below Lake Huron, Erie's primary inlet is the Detroit River. The main natural outflow from the lake is via the Niagara River, which provides hydroelectric power to Canada and the U.S. as it spins huge turbines near Niagara Falls at Lewiston, New York, and Queenston, Ontario.^[14] Some outflow occurs via the Welland Canal, part of the Saint Lawrence Seaway, which diverts water for ship passages from Port Colborne, Ontario, on Lake Erie, to St. Catharines on Lake Ontario, an elevation difference of 326 ft (99 m). Lake Erie's environmental health has been an ongoing concern for decades, with issues such as overfishing, pollution, algae blooms, and eutrophication generating headlines.^[15][16]