Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination

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Post-vaccination embolic and thrombotic events, termed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT),^{[1][2][3][4][5]} vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT),^[6] thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS),^[7][4][5] vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT),^[5] or vaccine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VATT),^[5] are rare types of blood clotting syndromes that were initially observed in a number of people who had previously received the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine (AZD1222)^[a] during the COVID‑19 pandemic.^[6][12] It was subsequently also described in the Janssen COVID‑19 vaccine (Johnson & Johnson), leading to the suspension of its use until its safety had been reassessed.^[13] On 5 May 2022 the FDA posted a bulletin limiting the use of the Janssen Vaccine to very specific cases due to further reassessment of the risks of TTS, although the FDA also stated in the same bulletin that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the risks.^[14]

In April 2021, AstraZeneca and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) updated their information for healthcare professionals about AZD1222, saying it is "considered plausible" that there is a causal relationship between the vaccination and the occurrence of thrombosis in combination with thrombocytopenia and that, "although such adverse reactions are very rare, they exceeded what would be expected in the general population".^{[12][15][16][17]}

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