9K32 Strela-2

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9K32 Strela-2 SA-7 Grail SA-N-5 Grail
KBM Kolomna 9K32M Strela-2M (SA-7b) missile and canister
Type	Man portable surface-to-air missile launcher
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1970–present
Used by	See operators
Wars	War of Attrition Yom Kippur War Portuguese Colonial War Vietnam War Cambodian Civil War The Troubles Basque conflict Western Sahara War Rhodesian Bush War Nicaraguan Revolution Uganda–Tanzania War Salvadoran Civil War 1982 Lebanon War Lebanese Civil War Iran–Iraq War Gulf War Falklands War Second Sudanese Civil War South African Border War Soviet–Afghan War War in Afghanistan Syrian occupation of Lebanon Yugoslav Wars Iraq War Libyan Civil War Insurgency in Egypt Sinai insurgency Syrian Civil War War in Donbas Yemeni Civil War Libyan Civil War 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Israel–Hamas war
Production history
Designer	KBM (Kolomna)
Designed	c. 1964
Unit cost	US$120,000 (launcher with 5 missiles, export price to Libya, 1972–1973)[1]
Variants	See versions
Specifications
Mass	9.8 kg (21.6 lb) (Strela-2M missile)[2] 15 kg (33.1 lb) (system, ready to fire)[2]
Length	1.44 m (4 ft 9 in)[2]
Diameter	72 mm (2.8 in)[2]
Wingspan	0.3 m
Effective firing range	800 m (2,600 ft) (Strela-2M) (minimal range)[2]
Maximum firing range	3,700 m (12,100 ft) (Strela-2) 4,200 m (13,800 ft) (Strela-2M)[2]
Warhead weight	1.15 kg directed-energy blast fragmentation warhead (Strela-2M),[2] 370 g HE content
Detonation mechanism	Non-delay impact and grazing fuzes, 14–17 second delay self-destruct.
Flight altitude	50–1500 m (Strela-2) 50–2300 m (Strela-2M)[2]
Maximum speed	430 m/s (1,400 ft/s) (Strela-2) 500 m/s (1,600 ft/s)(Strela-2M)[3]
Guidance system	Infra-red passive homing (AM-modulated reticle seeker head with uncooled PbS detector element), proportional navigation logic

The 9K32 Strela-2 (Russian: Cтрела, lit. 'Arrow'; NATO reporting name SA-7 Grail) is a light-weight, shoulder-fired, surface-to-air missile or MANPADS system. It is designed to target aircraft at low altitudes with passive infrared-homing guidance and destroy them with a high-explosive warhead.

Broadly comparable in performance with the US Army FIM-43 Redeye, the Strela-2 was the first Soviet man-portable SAM – full-scale production began in 1970.^[4] While the Redeye and 9K32 Strela-2 were similar, the missiles were not identical.

The Strela-2 was a staple of the Cold War and was produced in huge numbers for the Soviet Union and their allies, as well as revolutionary movements.^[5] Though since surpassed by more modern systems, the Strela and its variants remain in service in many countries, and have seen widespread use in nearly every regional conflict since 1972.