Silla

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Silla 新羅 (Hanja) 신라 (Hangul) 徐羅伐 (Old Korean) Yale: Syerapel (RR: Seorabeol) Pronunciation: [sʌɾabʌɭ] Phonetic Hangul: [서라벌] 斯羅火 (Old Korean) Sïrapïr (Japanese linguistic notation)
57 BCE – 935 CE
Pre-Later Silla at its height in the 6th century.
Capital	Seorabeol[a][b]
Common languages	Old Korean, Classical Chinese, (literary)[1]
Religion	Korean ethnic folk religion/Shamanism (State Religion: 57 BCE – 527 CE), Buddhism (527 CE – 935 CE), Confucianism, Taoism, Islam[2][3]
Government	Monarchy
King
• 57 BCE–4 CE	Hyeokgeose (first)
• 57–80	Talhae
• 356–402	Naemul
• 540–576	Jinheung
• 654–661	Muyeol
• 661–681	Munmu
• 927–935	Gyeongsun (last)
Legislature	Hwabaek
History
• Establishment	57 BCE
• Introduction of Buddhism	530
• Campaigns of King Jinheung	551–585
• Silla-Tang War	668–676
• Later Silla	668–935
• Handover to the Goryeo	935 CE
Population
• 200	250,000[4]
• 660	1,000,000[5]
• 676	4,500,000[6]
Preceded by Succeeded by Jinhan confederacy Gojoseon Unified Silla Goryeo
Today part of	North Korea South Korea

Part of a series on the
History of Korea
Prehistoric period Jeulmun 8000 BC–1500 BC Mumun 1500 BC–300 BC
Ancient period Gojoseon 2333 BC–108 BC * Dangun * Gija * Wiman Jin 4th–2nd century BC Yemaek
Proto–Three Kingdoms period Takri Dongye Buyeo Eastern Galsa Okjeo Samhan Ma Byeon Jin Goguryeo Tamna Four Commanderies of Han
Three Kingdoms period Goguryeo 37 BC–668 AD Baekje 18 BC–660 AD Silla 57 BC–935 AD Gaya confederacy 42–562
Northern and Southern period United Silla (Unified Silla) 668–935 Balhae 698–926
Later Three Kingdoms period Later Baekje 892–936 Taebong (Later Goguryeo) 901–918 Unified Silla (Later Silla) 668–935
Dynastic period Goryeo 918–1392 Joseon 1392–1897 Korean Empire 1897–1910
Colonial period Japanese rule 1910–1945 Provisional Government 1919–1948
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Silla (Korean: 신라; Korean pronunciation: [ɕiɭ.ɭa]; Old Korean: 徐羅伐 Syerapel, 斯羅火 Sïrapïr;^[7] RR: Seorabeol; IPA: Korean pronunciation: [sʌɾabʌɭ]), alternatively Shilla, was a Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BCE^[8] – 935 CE and located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Silla had the lowest population of approximately 850,000 people (170,000 households), which was significantly smaller than those of Baekje (3,800,000 people) and Goguryeo (3,500,000 people).^[9]

Its foundation can be traced back to the semi-mythological figure of Hyeokgeose of Silla (Old Korean: *pulkunwuri, "light of the world"), of the Park clan. The country was first ruled intermittently by the Miryang Park clan for 232 years and the Wolseong Seok clan for 172 years and beginning with the reign of Michu Isageum the Gyeongju Kim clan for 586 years. Park, Seok and Kim have no contemporary attestations and went by the Old Korean names of 居西干 Geoseogan (1st century BCE), 次次雄 Chachaung (1st century CE), 泥師今 Isageum (Old Korean: *nisokum)^[10] and 麻立干 Maripkan (5th-6th century)^[11] instead. It began as a chiefdom in the Jinhan confederacy, part of the Samhan and after consolidating its power in the immediate area, conquered the Gaya confederacy. Eventually allying with Sui China and then Tang China, it eventually conquered the other two kingdoms, Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668. Thereafter, Unified Silla occupied most of the Korean Peninsula, while the northern part re-emerged as Balhae, a successor-state of Goguryeo. After nearly 1,000 years of rule, Silla fragmented into the brief Later Three Kingdoms of Silla, Later Baekje, and Taebong, handing over power to Goryeo in 935.^[12]

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