June Democratic Struggle

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June Democratic Struggle
Part of the Minjung movement
Crowds gather at the state funeral of Lee Han-yeol in Seoul, July 9, 1987
Date	June 10–29, 1987 (large-scale outbreak) January–July 9, 1987 (total)
Location	South Korea
Caused by	Authoritarianism Proposed succession of Roh Tae-Woo Deaths of Park Jong-chul and Lee Han-yeol
Goals	Democratization Abolition of the 1980 constitution
Methods	Protest marches and civil disobedience
Resulted in	June 29 Declaration brings democratic reforms Stronger civil rights Democratic elections End of the Fifth Republic and formation of the Sixth Republic
Parties
Protestors Supported by: National Coalition for a Democratic Constitution [ko] Federation of People's Movements for Democratic Reunification [ko] Catholic Priests Association for Justice Reunification Democratic Party New Korean Democratic Party Labor groups Student groups Government of South Korea South Korean police Republic of Korea Army (quickly rescinded) Supported by: Democratic Justice Party
Lead figures
Decentralized leadership Chun Doo-hwan Roh Tae-woo
Number
4 – 5 million protestors[1] 89,000 police 100,000 soldiers
Casualties
Death(s)	3[2]

The June Democratic Struggle (Korean: 6월 민주 항쟁), also known as the June Democracy Movement and the June Uprising,^[3] was a nationwide pro-democracy movement in South Korea that generated mass protests from June 10 to 29, 1987. The demonstrations forced the ruling government to hold direct presidential elections and institute other democratic reforms, which led to the establishment of the Sixth Republic, the present-day government of South Korea.

On June 10, the military regime of President Chun Doo-hwan announced its choice of Roh Tae-woo as the next president. The public designation of Chun's successor was seen as a final affront to a delayed and deferred process to revise the South Korean constitution to permit direct election of the president. Although pressure on the regime in the form of demonstrations by students and other groups had been building for some time, the announcement finally triggered massive and effective protests.^[4]

Unwilling to resort to violence before the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul (which garnered large worldwide attention),^[5] and believing that Roh could win competitive elections anyway given divisions within the opposition,^[4] Chun and Roh acceded to the key demands of direct presidential elections and restoration of civil liberties. Although Roh was duly elected as president that December with a bare plurality, the consolidation of a liberal democratic regime in South Korea was underway.^[6]