Pagaruyung Kingdom

Malayapura
ملاياڤورا
Pagaruyung Dārul Qarār
ڤݢرويڠ دار القرار
1347–1833
Royal seal of Sultan Tangkal Alam[1] of Pagaruyung
Royal seal of
Sultan Tangkal Alam[1]
CapitalPagaruyung
Common languagesSanskrit, Minang, and Malay
Religion
Hindu-Buddhism (first era), Animism, Sunni Islam (last era)
GovernmentMonarchy
Maharaja Diraja 
• 1347–1375
(First King)
Adityawarman
• 1789–1833
Last King)
Sultan Tangkal Alam
History 
• Established
1347
• Padri War
1833
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Dharmasraya
Dutch East Indies
Inderapura Kingdom
Today part ofIndonesia

Pagaruyung (Minangkabau: Karajaan Pagaruyuang, other name: Pagaruyung Dārul Qarār), also known as Pagarruyung, Pagar Ruyung and Malayapura or Malayupura,[2] was a kingdom that once stood in the island of Sumatra and the seat of the Minangkabau kings of Western Sumatra.[3] Modern Pagaruyung is a village in Tanjung Emas subdistrict, Tanah Datar regency, located near the town of Batusangkar, Indonesia.

Prior to its establishment, the kingdom was part of Malayapura,[4] a kingdom that the Amoghapasa inscription mentions was ruled by Adityawarman,[5] who established himself as the ruler of Bhumi Malayu in Suwarnabhumi. Also included in Malayapura were the kingdom of Dharmasraya and several other kingdoms or conquests of Adityawarman.[6]

  1. ^ Gallop 2002.
  2. ^ Casparis 1975.
  3. ^ Bosch 1931.
  4. ^ Casparis, J.G. (1975). Indonesian palaeography: a history of writing in Indonesia from the beginnings to C. A, Part 1500. E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-04172-1.
  5. ^ Mhd. Nur, et al. (2016) "Perjuangan Sultan Alam Bagagar Syah Dalam Melawan Penjajah Belanda di Minangkabau pada Abad ke 19" Agam : Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
  6. ^ Casparis, J.G. "Peranan Adityawarman Putera Melayu di Asia Tenggara". Tamadun Melayu. 3: 918–943.

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