Raid at Cabanatuan

Raid at Cabanatuan
Part of the Pacific theater of World War II
Former Cabanatuan POWs in celebration, January 30, 1945
Date January 30, 1945 Location Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines 15°30′34″N 121°02′40″E / 15.50944°N 121.04444°E / 15.50944; 121.04444 Result Allied victory Liberation of 552 Allied prisoners of war
Belligerents
Allies  United States  Philippines	Japan
Commanders and leaders
Henry Mucci Arthur D. Simons Robert Prince Robert Lapham Juan Pajota Eduardo Joson	Tomoyuki Yamashita
Strength
133 U.S. soldiers from the 6th Ranger Battalion and Alamo Scouts 250–280 Filipino guerrillas	est. 220 Japanese guards and soldiers est. 1,000 Japanese near the camp est. 5,000–8,000 Japanese in Cabanatuan
Casualties and losses
U.S. soldiers 2 killed 4 wounded 2 prisoners died Filipino guerillas 9 wounded in action	Empire of Japan: 530–1,000+ killed 4 tanks out of action

The Raid at Cabanatuan (Filipino: Pagsalakay sa Cabanatuan), also known as the Great Raid (Filipino: Ang Dakilang Pagsalakay), was a rescue of Allied prisoners of war (POWs) and civilians from a Japanese camp near Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. On January 30, 1945, during World War II, United States Army Rangers, Alamo Scouts and Filipino guerrillas liberated more than 500 from the POW camp.

After the surrender of tens of thousands of American troops during the Battle of Bataan, many were sent to the Cabanatuan prison camp after the Bataan Death March. The Japanese shifted most of the prisoners to other areas, leaving just over 500 American and other Allied POWs and civilians in the prison. Facing brutal conditions including disease, torture, and malnourishment, the prisoners feared they would be executed by their captors before the arrival of General Douglas MacArthur and his American forces returning to Luzon. In late January 1945, a plan was developed by Sixth Army leaders and Filipino guerrillas to send a small force to rescue the prisoners. A group of over 100 Rangers and scouts and 200 guerrillas traveled 30 miles (48 km) behind Japanese lines to reach the camp.

In a nighttime raid, under the cover of darkness and with distraction by a P-61 Black Widow night fighter, the group surprised the Japanese forces in and around the camp. Hundreds of Japanese troops were killed in the 30-minute coordinated attack; the Americans suffered minimal casualties. The Rangers, scouts, and guerrillas escorted the POWs back to American lines. The rescue allowed the prisoners to tell of the death march and prison camp atrocities, which sparked a rush of resolve for the war against Japan. The rescuers were awarded commendations by MacArthur, and were also recognized by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A memorial now sits on the site of the former camp, and the events of the raid have been depicted in several films.