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Red Sea crisis

Red Sea crisis
Part of the spillover of the Israel–Hamas war, the Iran–Israel proxy conflict, the Iran–United States proxy conflict, and the Yemeni crisis

Map of Houthi activity near the Yemeni coast:
  Houthi-controlled Yemen (SPC)
  Government of Yemen (PLC)
   Houthi attacks (red) and hijackings (blue)
Date19 October 2023 – present
Location
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (esp. Bab-el-Mandeb), southern Israel, and Saudi Arabia and Egypt
Status Ongoing
Belligerents
 Yemen (SPC)[a]
Axis of Resistance		  Israel
Prosperity Guardian:
Aspides:
Independent Patrols:
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
Specific units:
Specific units:
Strength
  Yemeni Armed Forces (SPC)
Iran1 Alvand-class frigate
Iran 1 Intel ship
Naval assets:
Casualties and losses

Per Houthis:
  50 killed[29][30]
  35 injured
Per Skynews Arabia & PLC-led government:
  136+ killed[d]

14 detained[34]		 3 declared dead[e]
3 MQ-9 Reapers shot down[37]
6 Egyptian civilians wounded, one Vietnamese and two Filipino sailors killed and five injured[f]
1 Yemeni civilian killed and 8 others injured[40]
Two ships have been hijacked by Houthi militants; one ship and 25 crew members remain in Houthi custody, while one ship has been released. At least 20 ships have been damaged by Houthi attacks. One UK-owned cargo ship sunk.[41]

The Red Sea crisis[42][43] began on 19 October 2023, when the Iran-backed Houthi movement in Yemen launched missiles and armed drones at Israel, demanding an end to the invasion of the Gaza Strip.[44] The Houthis have since seized and launched aerial attacks against dozens of merchant and naval vessels in the Red Sea, drawing hundreds of air strikes on missile sites and other targets by US and allied forces.[45] The crisis is linked to the Israel–Hamas war, the Iran–Israel proxy conflict, the Iran–United States proxy conflict, and the Yemeni crisis.[46]

The Houthi movement's militants, which oppose Yemen's internationally recognized government, have since 2014 controlled a considerable swath of the country's territory along the Red Sea. Shortly after the beginning of the Israel–Hamas war, the Hamas-allied group began to launch missiles and drones against Israel. Houthi militants have also fired on various countries' merchant vessels in the Red Sea, and particularly in the Bab-el-Mandeb—a chokepoint of the global economy as it serves as the southern maritime gateway to the Suez Canal of Egypt. The group has declared that they consider any Israel-linked ship as a target,[47][48][49] and that they will not stop until Israel ceases its war on Hamas.[44][50] Although the Houthis said that they were targeted ships linked to Israel, the US, or Britain, the Houthis have indiscriminately attacked the ships of many nations.[45][51] From October 2023 to March 2024, the Houthis attacked vessels in the Red Sea on more than sixty occasions.[51] To avoid Houthi attacks, hundreds of commercial vessels have been rerouted to sail around South Africa.[52]

The Houthis' Red Sea attacks have drawn a military response from a number of countries. In January 2024, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2722, condemning the Houthi attacks and affirming freedom of navigation.[51] The United States-led Operation Prosperity Guardian was launched to protect Red Sea shipping; the operation has included bombings of Houthi-controlled sites in Yemen and attacked Houthi vessels in the Red Sea. Since 12 January, the US and UK have led coalition missile strikes against the Houthis, while other countries are independently patrolling the waters near Yemen.[53] Undaunted, in May, Yemeni Armed Forces Brigadier General Yahya Saree announced that "We will target any ships heading to Israeli ports in the Mediterranean Sea in any area we are able to reach".[54]


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference semafor was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Landay, Jonathan (8 December 2023). "Biden aide says Iran helps plan, execute attacks by Yemen's Houthis". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference hez was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b "Within 10 days.. 75 Houthis were killed in Western strikes" (in Arabic). Sky News Arabia. 21 January 2024. Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  5. ^ Mallawarachi, Bharatha (9 January 2024). "Sri Lanka to join US-led naval operations against Houthi rebels in Red Sea". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  6. ^ Brar, Aadil (22 February 2024). "China sends warships to the Middle East". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  7. ^ "Iranian warship Alborz enters Red Sea amid tensions: State media". Al Arabiya English. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Iran Update, December 22, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  9. ^ "New Israeli warship deployed to Red Sea". Sky News. 12 December 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  10. ^ "Israel shoots down Houthi cruise missiles using F-35i Adir fighter jets". Defence Blog. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  11. ^ "Explosions in Egyptian red sea town near Israel".
  12. ^ "In first, Arrow downs Eilat-bound missile from 'Red Sea area'; Houthis claim attack". The Times of Israel. 31 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  13. ^ "Statement on Air Strikes against Houthi military targets in Yemen: 24 February 2024". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  14. ^ "Saudi Air Defense shoots down 6 Houthi missiles in 48 seconds".
  15. ^ "Egyptian forces down Houthi drones targeting Eilat".
  16. ^ "Dhaab drone strike".
  17. ^ "Yemen's Houthis claim missile attack on Norwegian tanker in tense Middle East". Reuters. 12 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  18. ^ "Israel Navy deploys Sa'ar 5-class corvette INS Hanit in Red Sea against Yemeni Houthis". Navy Recognition. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  19. ^ "French warship intercepts Huthis aerial attack on Norwegian tanker near Red Sea". France24. 12 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  20. ^ "French navy downs two drones over Red Sea". France 24. 20 February 2024. Archived from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  21. ^ Peruzzi, Luca (20 December 2023). "Italy Sends A FREMM In The Red Sea To Protect International Trade". Naval News. Paris. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  22. ^ Barber, Harriet (16 December 2023). "Israel-Hamas war latest news: British warship shoots down suspected attack drone in Red Sea". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  23. ^ "HMS Richmond heads to Gulf to support Diamond and Lancaster safeguard shipping". Royal Navy. 9 January 2024. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  24. ^ Gupta, Shishir (19 December 2023). "India stations two destroyers off the coast of Aden for maritime security". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  25. ^ "Pakistan Navy deploys ship to Gulf of Aden". The Express Tribune. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  26. ^ "The new saviour of the seas: Indian Navy makes its presence felt in Red Sea amid Houthi threats". Firstpost. 2 February 2024. Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  27. ^ "Pakistan deploys warships in Arabian Sea following recent Houthi attacks". Arab News. 7 January 2024. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  28. ^ "Chinese Fleet Heads to Red Sea amid Rising Tensions". english.aawsat.com. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  29. ^ "Houthi leader vows 'fourth phase' of Red Sea ship attacks". Arab News. 2 May 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024. Al-Houthi said that 452 attacks by US and UK armies on militia-controlled regions had killed 40 people and injured 35 others since January.
  30. ^ "US Navy sinks 3 Houthi boats attacking merchant ship in Red Sea, US says". ABC News. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  31. ^ "US Navy sinks 3 Houthi boats attacking merchant ship in Red Sea, US says". ABC News. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  32. ^ "Within 48 hours... 40 Houthis were killed in US-British strikes" (in Arabic). Sky News Arabia. 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  33. ^ "US-British forces strike Houthi targets, killing 11, Yemen government says". Reuters. 11 March 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  34. ^ "Four charged in connection with trying to smuggle Iranian missile components to Houthis". CNN. 23 February 2024. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  35. ^ "Two US Navy Seals declared dead after raid to seize Iranian weapons bound for Houthis". The Guardian. 22 January 2024. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  36. ^ "US Navy identifies sailor who died 'supporting operations' in Red Sea, officials say". ABC News. Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  37. ^ "Yemen's Houthis damage oil tanker, shoot down US drone". Aljazeera. 27 April 2024.
  38. ^ "UK-owned ship damaged in Houthi missile attack off Yemen, US says". BBC. 22 February 2024. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  39. ^ "Three killed in Houthi missile attack on cargo ship – US military". BBC. 6 March 2024. Archived from the original on 6 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  40. ^ "Yemen's Houthi rebels report first civilian death in US-UK strikes | The Times of Israel". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  41. ^ Cite error: The named reference reuters-20240303 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  42. ^ Partington, Richard (3 January 2024). "What is the Red Sea crisis, and what does it mean for global trade?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  43. ^ LaRocco, Lori Ann (3 January 2024). "Red Sea crisis boosts shipping costs, delays – and inflation worries". CNBC. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  44. ^ a b "Yemen's Houthis 'will not stop' Red Sea attacks until Israel ends Gaza war". Al Jazeera. 19 December 2023. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  45. ^ a b Diakun, Bridget; Raanan, Tomer (15 December 2023). "Houthis target tenth ship in Red Sea as attacks turn increasingly indiscriminate". Lloyd's List. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024.
  46. ^ References for this being a US-Iran proxy war:
  47. ^ "US Navy helicopters fire at Yemen's Houthi rebels and kill several in latest Red Sea shipping attack". Associated Press. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  48. ^ Partington, Richard (3 January 2024). "What is the Red Sea crisis, and what does it mean for global trade?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  49. ^ LaRocco, Lori Ann (3 January 2024). "Red Sea crisis boosts shipping costs, delays – and inflation worries". CNBC. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  50. ^ Michaelis, Tamar (10 December 2023). "Israel ready to act against Houthi rebels if international community fails to, national security adviser says". CNN. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  51. ^ a b c "Houthi Attacks in the Red Sea: Issues for Congress". Congressional Research Service. 12 March 2024. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024. Many Houthi attacks on commercial vessels have not appeared discriminate or linked to stated demands. Since October 17, the Houthis have attacked commercial and naval vessels more than 60 times (Figure 1)
  52. ^ "Red Sea crisis: What it takes to reroute the world's biggest cargo ships on a 4,000 mile detour". BBC. 21 January 2024. Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  53. ^ "US names campaign to target Houthis in Yemen "Operation Poseidon Archer"". CNN. Archived from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  54. ^ Cite error: The named reference AlJ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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