Tannu Uriankhai

Tannu Uriankhai Таңды Урянхай (Tuvan) 唐努烏梁海 (Chinese)
1757–1911
Flag (1889–1912)
Tannu Uriankhai within Qing China
Status	Unorganized autonomous region of the Qing dynasty
Common languages	Tuvan, Mongolian, Chinese, Russian
Religion	Tibetan Buddhism, Shamanism
Government	Feudal state
Amban Noyan
• 1762–1769 (first)	Manadzhab
• 1899–1911 (last)	Oyun Ölzey-Ochur oglu Kombu-Dorzhu
History
• Established	1757
• Disestablished	December 1911
Preceded by Succeeded by Khotgoid Khanate Dzungar Khanate Uryankhay Republic
Today part of	Russia Mongolia

Tannu Uriankhai (Tuvan: Таңды Урянхай, [taŋˈdɤ urʲanˈχaj]; Mongolian: Тагна Урианхай, romanized: Tagna Urianhai, [ˈtʰaɢəɴ ʊrʲæŋˈχæɪ̯];^[1] simplified Chinese: 唐努乌梁海; traditional Chinese: 唐努烏梁海; pinyin: Tángnǔ Wūliánghǎi) was a historical region of the Mongol Empire, its principal successor, the Yuan dynasty, and later the Qing dynasty. The territory of Tannu Uriankhai largely corresponds to the modern-day Tuva Republic of the Russian Federation, neighboring areas in Russia, and a small part of the modern state of Mongolia.

Tannu designates the Tannu-ola Mountains in the region, and Uriankhai was the Mongolian name for the Tuvans (and accordingly their realm), which meant "the people living in the woods" (Chinese: 林中百姓; pinyin: Línzhōng Bǎixìng).

After Mongolia (Outer Mongolia) declared independence from the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China in the early 20th century, the region of Tannu Uriankhai increasingly came under Russian influence and finally became an independent communist state, the Tuvan People's Republic, which was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1944.

Sovereignty over the area has not been officially renounced by the Republic of China since 1949.

Referring to the 2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship, the People's Republic of China (PRC), which controls Mainland China, has not officially renounced its sovereignty over the area, but just "have no remaining territorial claims" for two countries.^[2] However, the PRC has official contacts with Tuva and regards it as part of Russia.^[3][4]