Aceh War

Aceh War
Artist's depiction of the Battle of Samalanga in 1878
Date 1873–1904 Location Aceh Sultanate (present day Aceh, Indonesia) Result Dutch victory Dissolution of Aceh Sultanate Imposition of Dutch rule over Aceh Territorial changes Aceh is annexed into the Dutch East Indies
Belligerents
Netherlands Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Royal Netherlands Navy	Aceh Sultanate Islamic ulama[1][2]
Commanders and leaders
J.H.R. Köhler † Jan van Swieten J.L.J.H Pel † K. van der Heijden (WIA) H. Demmeni (DOW) J.J.K. De Moulin † J.B. van Heutsz[1] J.C. van der Wijck[1] Gotfried van Daalen[1] George Frederik Willem Borel	Sultan Mahmud Syah #[3] Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II [4] Tuanku Hasyim Banta Muda Teuku Umar †[5] Cut Nyak Dhien[6] Teungku Chik di Tiro X Cut Nyak Meutia † Panglima Polem
Strength
3,000 troops (First Aceh Expedition)[3] 13,000 (Second Aceh Expedition)[3] 12,000 European KNIL troops (1903)[2] 23,000 Indonesian KNIL troops[2]	10,000–100,000 troops[7]
Casualties and losses
37,000 killed (including by cholera)[2]	60,000–70,000 killed (including by cholera)[2] 10,000 refugees[2]

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The Aceh War (Indonesian: Perang Aceh), also known as the Dutch War or the Infidel War (1873–1904), was an armed military conflict between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Kingdom of the Netherlands which was triggered by discussions between representatives of Aceh and the United States in Singapore during early 1873.^[8] The war was part of a series of conflicts in the late 19th century that consolidated Dutch rule over modern-day Indonesia.

The campaign drew controversy in the Netherlands as photographs and accounts of the death toll were reported. Isolated bloody insurgencies continued as late as 1914^[1] and less violent forms of Acehnese resistance continued to persist until World War II and the Japanese occupation.