Women in Chad

Women in Chad
	A Sara girl from Chad
General Statistics
Maternal mortality (per 100,000)	1,140 (2017)
Women in parliament	12.8% (2012)
Women over 25 with secondary education	NA
Women in labour force	64.4% (2011)
Gender Inequality Index
Value	0.652 (2021)
Rank	165th out of 191
Global Gender Gap Index
Value	0.579 (2022)
Rank	142nd out of 146

Women in Chad, a landlocked country in Central Africa, are the mainstay of its predominantly rural-based economy and they outnumber the men.^[4] Chad is a country with diverse and rich cultural practices, such as male beauty pageants (judged by women) and long-kept-secret hair products.^[5]^[6] Despite their numbers in the general population, there are very few women in governmental positions and gender equality is far from being a reality in Chad. Chad is rated by the World Bank as the third least gender equal country in Africa.^[7] Additionally, there are few women who attain higher education, and many who receive a college degree do so outside of the country.

Women face discrimination and violence. Female genital mutilation, while technically illegal, is still widely practiced.^[8] Child marriage and adolescent pregnancy are commonly practiced, although some policies have been implemented to combat them. Extrajudicial killings, beatings, torture, and rape were committed by security forces and other abuses with "near total" impunity.^[9]^[10]^[11] Amnesty International has reported that "the widespread insecurity in eastern Chad had particularly severe consequences for women, who suffered grave human rights abuses, including rape, during attacks on villages" by Janjawid militia from Sudan.^[11]

^ "Maternal Mortality Ratio". UNICEF.
^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
^ "Global Gender Gap Report 2022" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
^ "Rural Poverty in Chad". Rural poverty portal. International fund for agricultural development. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
^ Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Chad (2007) Freedom House. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
^ "Chad" Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006. United States Department of State. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
^ Chad: Events of 2006 Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
^ ^a ^b Annual Report: Chad Amnesty International. Retrieved 4 September 2007.

[matdeath-1] "Maternal Mortality Ratio". UNICEF.

[2] "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 9 January 2023.

[3] "Global Gender Gap Report 2022" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 6 March 2023.

[RPP-2012-4] "Rural Poverty in Chad". Rural poverty portal. International fund for agricultural development. Retrieved 11 November 2012.

[:7-5] Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:8-6] Cite error: The named reference :8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:9-7] Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[fh-8] Chad (2007) Freedom House. Retrieved 4 September 2007.

[state-9] "Chad" Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006. United States Department of State. Retrieved 4 September 2007.

[hrw-10] Chad: Events of 2006 Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 4 September 2007.

[ai-11] Annual Report: Chad Amnesty International. Retrieved 4 September 2007.

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General Statistics
A Sara girl from Chad
Maternal mortality (per 100,000)	1,140 (2017)^[1]
Women in parliament	12.8% (2012)
Women over 25 with secondary education	NA
Women in labour force	64.4% (2011)
Gender Inequality Index^[2]
Value	0.652 (2021)
Rank	165th out of 191
Global Gender Gap Index^[3]
Value	0.579 (2022)
Rank	142nd out of 146