Women in Ghana

Women in Ghana
	Minister for Foreign Affairs, Hanna Tetteh
General Statistics
Maternal mortality (per 100,000)	319 (2018)
Women in parliament	13.5% (2017)
Women over 25 with secondary education	45.7% (2010)
Women in labour force	66.9% (2011)
Gender Inequality Index
Value	0.529 (2021)
Rank	130th out of 191
Global Gender Gap Index
Value	0.672 (2022)
Rank	108th out of 146

The status of women in Ghana and their roles in Ghanaian society has changed over the past few decades.^[3] There has been a slow increase in the political participation of Ghanaian women throughout history.^[4] Women are given equal rights under the Constitution of Ghana, yet disparities in education, employment, and health for women remain prevalent.^[5]^[6] Additionally, women have much less access to resources than men in Ghana do.^[6] Ghanaian women in rural and urban areas face slightly different challenges.^[7] Throughout Ghana, female-headed households are increasing.^[6]

Multiple forms of violence against women still exist in Ghana.^[8] In recent years, feminist organizations and women's rights groups have increased.^[8]^[9]^[4] Efforts to bring about gender equality continue to grow in Ghana. The government of Ghana has signed on to numerous international goals and conventions to enhance women's rights in Ghana.

^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
^ "Global Gender Gap Report 2022" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Apusigah, Agnes Atia; Adatuu, Roland (1 January 2017). "Enhancing Women's Political Fortunes in Ghana: Is a 50/50 Campaign Realistic?". Ghana Journal of Development Studies. 14 (2): 43–62. doi:10.4314/gjds.v14i2.3. ISSN 0855-6768.
^ Mahama, Tia Abdul-Kabiru; Nkegbe, Paul Kwame (2017-01-01). "Gender Preference in Primary School Enrolment among Households in Northern Region, Ghana". Ghana Journal of Development Studies. 14 (1): 60–78. doi:10.4314/gjds.v14i1.4. ISSN 0855-6768.
^ ^a ^b ^c Awumbila, Mariama (2006). "Gender equality and poverty in Ghana: implications for poverty reduction strategies". GeoJournal. 67 (2): 149–161. doi:10.1007/s10708-007-9042-7. JSTOR 41148110. S2CID 154300298.
^ Owusu Ashah & Agbemafle (2016). "Determinants of Domestic Violence Against Women in Ghana". BMC Public Health. 16: 368. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3041-x. PMC 4852424. PMID 27139013.
^ ^a ^b Amoakohene, Margaret Ivy (2004-12-01). "Violence against women in Ghana: a look at women's perceptions and review of policy and social responses". Social Science & Medicine. 59 (11): 2373–2385. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.001. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 15450710.
^ Lawrance, Benjamin N. (2010). "From Child Labor "Problem" to Human Trafficking "Crisis": Child Advocacy and Anti-Trafficking Legislation in Ghana". International Labor and Working-Class History. 78 (1): 63–88. doi:10.1017/S0147547910000128. JSTOR 40931304. S2CID 144578193.

[1] "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 19 December 2022.

[2] "Global Gender Gap Report 2022" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 27 February 2023.

[:2-3] Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:9-4] Apusigah, Agnes Atia; Adatuu, Roland (1 January 2017). "Enhancing Women's Political Fortunes in Ghana: Is a 50/50 Campaign Realistic?". Ghana Journal of Development Studies. 14 (2): 43–62. doi:10.4314/gjds.v14i2.3. ISSN 0855-6768.

[:02-5] Mahama, Tia Abdul-Kabiru; Nkegbe, Paul Kwame (2017-01-01). "Gender Preference in Primary School Enrolment among Households in Northern Region, Ghana". Ghana Journal of Development Studies. 14 (1): 60–78. doi:10.4314/gjds.v14i1.4. ISSN 0855-6768.

[:34-6] Awumbila, Mariama (2006). "Gender equality and poverty in Ghana: implications for poverty reduction strategies". GeoJournal. 67 (2): 149–161. doi:10.1007/s10708-007-9042-7. JSTOR 41148110. S2CID 154300298.

[:22-7] Owusu Ashah & Agbemafle (2016). "Determinants of Domestic Violence Against Women in Ghana". BMC Public Health. 16: 368. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3041-x. PMC 4852424. PMID 27139013.

[:19-8] Amoakohene, Margaret Ivy (2004-12-01). "Violence against women in Ghana: a look at women's perceptions and review of policy and social responses". Social Science & Medicine. 59 (11): 2373–2385. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.001. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 15450710.

[ReferenceA-9] Lawrance, Benjamin N. (2010). "From Child Labor "Problem" to Human Trafficking "Crisis": Child Advocacy and Anti-Trafficking Legislation in Ghana". International Labor and Working-Class History. 78 (1): 63–88. doi:10.1017/S0147547910000128. JSTOR 40931304. S2CID 144578193.

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