Ethnic nationalism

Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethnonationalism,^[1] is a form of nationalism wherein the nation and nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity,^[2]^[3] with emphasis on an ethnocentric (and in some cases an ethnocratic) approach to various political issues related to national affirmation of a particular ethnic group.^[4]^[5]

The central tenet of ethnic nationalists is that "nations are defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language, a common faith, and a common ethnic ancestry".^[6] Those of other ethnicities may be classified as second-class citizens.^[7]^[8]

Diaspora-studies scholars broaden the concept of "nation" to diasporic communities. The terms "ethnonation" and "ethnonationalism" are sometimes used to describe a conceptual collective of dispersed ethnics.^[9] Defining an ethnos widely can lead to ethnic nationalism becoming a form of pan-nationalism or macronationalism, as in cases such as pan-Germanism or pan-Slavism.^[10]

In scholarly literature, ethnic nationalism is usually contrasted with civic nationalism, although this distinction has also been criticized.^[11]^[12]^[13]

^ Leoussi 2001, p. 81-84.
^ Smith 1987, p. 134-138, 144–149.
^ Smith 2009, p. 61-80.
^ Smith 1981, p. 18.
^ Roshwald 2001.
^ Muller 2008.
^ Rangelov 2013.
^ Yilmaz 2018.
^ Safran 2008.
^ Snyder, Louis Leo (1984). Macro-nationalisms: A History of the Pan-movements. Issue 112 of Contributions in political science: Global perspectives in history and politics, ISSN 0147-1066. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313231919. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
^ Yack, Bernard (1996). "The myth of the civic nation". Critical Review. 10 (2): 193–211. doi:10.1080/08913819608443417.
^ Özkirimli, Umut. (2005). Contemporary Debates on Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
^ Azurmendi, Joxe (2014): Historia, arraza, nazioa, Donostia: Elkar. ISBN 978-84-9027-297-8

[FOOTNOTELeoussi200181-84-1] Leoussi 2001, p. 81-84.

[FOOTNOTESmith1987134-138,_144–149-2] Smith 1987, p. 134-138, 144–149.

[FOOTNOTESmith200961-80-3] Smith 2009, p. 61-80.

[FOOTNOTESmith198118-4] Smith 1981, p. 18.

[FOOTNOTERoshwald2001-5] Roshwald 2001.

[FOOTNOTEMuller2008-6] Muller 2008.

[FOOTNOTERangelov2013-7] Rangelov 2013.

[FOOTNOTEYilmaz2018-8] Yilmaz 2018.

[FOOTNOTESafran2008-9] Safran 2008.

[10] Snyder, Louis Leo (1984). Macro-nationalisms: A History of the Pan-movements. Issue 112 of Contributions in political science: Global perspectives in history and politics, ISSN 0147-1066. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313231919. Retrieved 2 December 2022.

[11] Yack, Bernard (1996). "The myth of the civic nation". Critical Review. 10 (2): 193–211. doi:10.1080/08913819608443417.

[12] Özkirimli, Umut. (2005). Contemporary Debates on Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

[13] Azurmendi, Joxe (2014): Historia, arraza, nazioa, Donostia: Elkar. ISBN 978-84-9027-297-8

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