Authorship of the Petrine epistles

The authorship of the Petrine epistles (1 Peter and 2 Peter) is a question in biblical criticism, parallel to that of the authorship of the Pauline epistles, in which scholars have sought to determine the exact authors of the New Testament letters. The vast majority of biblical scholars think the two epistles do not share the same author, due to wide differences in Greek style and views between the two letters. Most scholars today conclude that Peter the Apostle was the author of neither of the two epistles that are attributed to him.^{[note 1]}

^ Moyise, Steve (9 December 2004). The Old Testament in the New. A&C Black. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-567-08199-5.
^ Stephen L. Harris (1992). Understanding the Bible. Mayfield. p. 388. ISBN 978-1-55934-083-0. Most scholars believe that 1 Peter is pseudonymous (written anonymously in the name of a well-known figure) and was produced during postapostolic times.
^ Stephen L. Harris (1980). Understanding the Bible: a reader's guide and reference. Mayfield Pub. Co. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-87484-472-6. Virtually no authorities defend the Petrine authorship of 2 Peter, which is believed to have been written by an anonymous churchman in Rome about 150 C.E.
^ Dale Martin 2009 (lecture). "24. Apocalyptic and Accommodation" on YouTube. Yale University. Accessed 22 July 2013. Lecture 24 (transcript)
^ Charles, Daryl; Thatcher, Tom; Longman, Tremper; Garland, David E. (2017). 1 and 2 Peter, 1, 2, and 3 John, Jude. The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Zondervan Academic. p. unpaginated. ISBN 978-0-310-53209-5. Retrieved 21 May 2023. Despite the overwhelming consensus of biblical scholarship in rejecting Petrine authorship [...]
^ Dunn, James D.G. (2020). Beginning from Jerusalem: Christianity in the Making, Volume 2. Eerdmans. p. unpaginated. ISBN 978-1-4674-6061-3. Retrieved 21 May 2023. the consensus of modern scholarship is that this letter cannot cannot have been written by Peter himself
^ Matera, Frank J. (2007). New Testament Theology: Exploring Diversity and Unity. Presbyterian Publishing Corporation. p. 373. ISBN 978-0-664-23044-9. Retrieved 21 May 2023. In recent years, however, the emerging consensus is that the letter had its origin in a Petrine circle that revered the teaching and memory of Peter.²
^ Bock, Darrell L.; Glaser, Mitch (2014). The People, the Land, and the Future of Israel: Israel and the Jewish People in the Plan of God. Kregel Publications. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-8254-4362-6. Retrieved 21 May 2023. Most scholars flat out reject Petrine authorship of 2 Peter, while a goodly number doubt 1 Peter.
^ Laine Hamilton, Stephanie (2018). "Peter (d. mid-60s CE)". In Hendrix, Scott E.; Okeja, Uchenna (eds.). The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 526. ISBN 978-1-4408-4138-5. Retrieved 21 May 2023. However, authentic Petrine authorship is widely disputed, with most scholars agreeing that Peter likely did not actually write either of the letters named for him in the New Testament—especially II Peter.
^ Holman Bible Publishers (2019). "1 Peter". KJV Apologetics Study Bible. B&H Publishing Group. p. unpaginated. ISBN 978-1-5359-3476-3. Retrieved 21 May 2023. Almost all non-evangelical scholars claim Peter did not write the letter, and some who identify themselves as evangelicals agree.
^ Ehrman, Bart D. (2013). Forgery and Counter-forgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics. OUP USA. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-19-992803-3. Retrieved 22 May 2023. It is widely held today that the book was not written by Simon Peter. Boring claims that this is the general opinion among critical scholars, outside the ranks of those who disallow forgery in the New Testament on general principle.⁵
^ Case, Brendan W.; Glass, William; Campbell, Douglas A. (2022). Least of the Apostles: Paul and His Legacies in Earliest Christianity. Pickwick Publications. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-6667-3133-0. Retrieved 22 May 2023. Although most scholars seem to suspect that both 1 and 2 Peter are pseudonymous, 1 Peter receives more kindness from interpreters in general.

Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

[moyise-1] Moyise, Steve (9 December 2004). The Old Testament in the New. A&C Black. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-567-08199-5.

[Harris1992-2] Stephen L. Harris (1992). Understanding the Bible. Mayfield. p. 388. ISBN 978-1-55934-083-0. Most scholars believe that 1 Peter is pseudonymous (written anonymously in the name of a well-known figure) and was produced during postapostolic times.

[Harris1980-3] Stephen L. Harris (1980). Understanding the Bible: a reader's guide and reference. Mayfield Pub. Co. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-87484-472-6. Virtually no authorities defend the Petrine authorship of 2 Peter, which is believed to have been written by an anonymous churchman in Rome about 150 C.E.

[Martin_2009-4] Dale Martin 2009 (lecture). "24. Apocalyptic and Accommodation" on YouTube. Yale University. Accessed 22 July 2013. Lecture 24 (transcript)

[Charles_Thatcher_Longman_Garland_2017_p._194-5] Charles, Daryl; Thatcher, Tom; Longman, Tremper; Garland, David E. (2017). 1 and 2 Peter, 1, 2, and 3 John, Jude. The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Zondervan Academic. p. unpaginated. ISBN 978-0-310-53209-5. Retrieved 21 May 2023. Despite the overwhelming consensus of biblical scholarship in rejecting Petrine authorship [...]

[Dunn_2020_p._1066-6] Dunn, James D.G. (2020). Beginning from Jerusalem: Christianity in the Making, Volume 2. Eerdmans. p. unpaginated. ISBN 978-1-4674-6061-3. Retrieved 21 May 2023. the consensus of modern scholarship is that this letter cannot cannot have been written by Peter himself

[Matera_2007_p._373-7] Matera, Frank J. (2007). New Testament Theology: Exploring Diversity and Unity. Presbyterian Publishing Corporation. p. 373. ISBN 978-0-664-23044-9. Retrieved 21 May 2023. In recent years, however, the emerging consensus is that the letter had its origin in a Petrine circle that revered the teaching and memory of Peter.²

[Bock_Glaser_2014_p._136-8] Bock, Darrell L.; Glaser, Mitch (2014). The People, the Land, and the Future of Israel: Israel and the Jewish People in the Plan of God. Kregel Publications. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-8254-4362-6. Retrieved 21 May 2023. Most scholars flat out reject Petrine authorship of 2 Peter, while a goodly number doubt 1 Peter.

[Hendrix_Okeja_2018_p._526-9] Laine Hamilton, Stephanie (2018). "Peter (d. mid-60s CE)". In Hendrix, Scott E.; Okeja, Uchenna (eds.). The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 526. ISBN 978-1-4408-4138-5. Retrieved 21 May 2023. However, authentic Petrine authorship is widely disputed, with most scholars agreeing that Peter likely did not actually write either of the letters named for him in the New Testament—especially II Peter.

[Publishers_2019_p._1247-10] Holman Bible Publishers (2019). "1 Peter". KJV Apologetics Study Bible. B&H Publishing Group. p. unpaginated. ISBN 978-1-5359-3476-3. Retrieved 21 May 2023. Almost all non-evangelical scholars claim Peter did not write the letter, and some who identify themselves as evangelicals agree.

[Ehrman_2013_p._240-11] Ehrman, Bart D. (2013). Forgery and Counter-forgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics. OUP USA. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-19-992803-3. Retrieved 22 May 2023. It is widely held today that the book was not written by Simon Peter. Boring claims that this is the general opinion among critical scholars, outside the ranks of those who disallow forgery in the New Testament on general principle.⁵

[Case_Glass_Campbell_2022_p._166-12] Case, Brendan W.; Glass, William; Campbell, Douglas A. (2022). Least of the Apostles: Paul and His Legacies in Earliest Christianity. Pickwick Publications. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-6667-3133-0. Retrieved 22 May 2023. Although most scholars seem to suspect that both 1 and 2 Peter are pseudonymous, 1 Peter receives more kindness from interpreters in general.

[note 1]